Table - See Overview for Filtering and Searching Explanation

source Entry Example Modal 1sort ascending Modal 2 Modal 3 Gender Race / Ethnicity Age Level of Education Home Community, Town, or State Location Collected Year Relation to Addressee Medium Sentence Structure Status
Scotland 956 He cannae dae it these days, but he used to could. used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.1
Feagin 813 I useta wouldn’t stay at home when ... used to would Female White 78 Unknown AL (Cleburn) AL (Native of Cleburn, Ranolph Counties, but 30 years in Anniston) Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 687 I used to could play a harp. used to could Male White 77 10th grade MS (Homewood) MS (Trenton) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
COCA 1031 That's right. You used to could- that's right. You used to could. used to could Male Black 39 High School CA (Oakland) Radio 1994 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 626 Used to could buy all that kind. used to could Male White 68 9th grade MS (Dillon) MS (Lorman) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 720 People that used to would have high-hatted you. used to would Male White 61 5 years of school; literate TX (Belk) TX (Belk) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken Naturalistic
Feagin 814 She useta wouldn’t take more’n a spoonful of anything. used to wouldn't Female White 70 Unknown AL (Unknown) AL (Gadsden) early 1970s Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Johnson 893 I used to could speak that jargon better than I could English and we had a i-dea that was to be the standard language here in Oregon. used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown OR (Unknown) 1909 1.1
LAGS 688 You used to could get it done. used to could Male Black 73 None (Illiterate) LA (Clinton) LA (Clinton) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
COCA 1032 We have had some success in broadening our economic perspective to- with NAFTA and the GATT agreement and selling more of our products that we used to couldn't sell. used to couldn't Male White 47 Graduate school (Law degree) AR (Hope) Radio 1993 elected official to constituency Spoken 1.6 Naturalistic
LAGS 627 You used to could shop in a log in a what? used to could Male White 70 7th grade TX (Mill Creek) TX (Wiergate) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 721 Used to would. used to would Male White 42 High school TN (Nashville) TN (Nashville) 1978 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 657 I used to could spell. used to could Female White 82 High school and commercial college TX (Austin) TX (Austin) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 689 Used to could get him for a dollar. used to could Female Black 77 None (Illiterate) LA (Boothville) LA (Boothville) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Scotland 927 He used to could do it when he was younger. used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.3
COCA 1033 Now we have to sleep in our uniforms and things like that and you're limited to the base to where we used to could go downtown shopping and things like that. used to could Unknown Unknown unknown Unknown Unknown Television 1991 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.4 Naturalistic
LAGS 628 You could buy flour, used to could. used to could Male Black 52 Some school; barely literate MS (Pulaski) MS (Pulaski) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 722 Used to would. used to would Male Black 90 Less than 1 term school; illiterate FL (Shady Grove) FL (Shady Grove) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 658 Used to could. used to could Male White 90 3rd grade GA (Whitfield County) GA (Dalton) 1972 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 690 I used to could do that. used to could Female Black 55 High school equivalent AR (St. Francis County) AR (Forrest City) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 691 Better than he used to could. used to could Female White 77 8th grade AR (Hearn) AR (Hearn) 1975 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
COCA 1034 She used to could kill a horse with a fist between the eyes, but this week it's been migraines and fainting spells. used to could Female Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Fictional Story 1991 woman to man Written 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 629 Used to could buy it. used to could Female Black 61 8th grade AR (Little Rock) AR (Little Rock) 1975 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 723 Used to would. used to would Male White 53 College (Graduate, B.S. degree) AL (Thomaston) AL (Foley) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 659 Used to could. used to could Female Black 79 None GA (Clay County) GA (Fort Gaines) 1978 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 692 I used to could get money. used to could Unknown Unknown unknown 8th grade TX (Harrisville) TX (Temple) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 630 You used to could buy it. used to could Male White 85 9th grade MS (Bogue Chitto) MS (Bogue Chitto) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 724 I don’t know what they used to would say. used to would Male White 53 College (Graduate, B.S. degree) AL (Thomaston) AL (Foley) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.4 Naturalistic
LAGS 660 Used to could. used to could Female White 81 4th grade FL (Sopchoppy) FL (Sopchoppy) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 693 We used to could go to where we wanted to. used to could Male White 72 7th grade TX (Houston) TX (Houston) 1975 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.4 Naturalistic
COCA 1037 They used to wouldn't let you pay a guitar around partly because they called it sinful music- the devil's music, you know? used to wouldn't Male Black 80 Elementary School MS (Winona) Radio 1994 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.3 Naturalistic
LAGS 631 I used to could do that. used to could Female White 77 5th grade GA (Columbus) GA (Eelbeck) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 725 They used to would walk. used to would Male White 49 10th grade AR (Leslie/Maple Grove area) AR (Baker) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 661 Used to could have that. used to could Female Black 44 High school equivalent AL (Dothan) AL (Dothan) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 694 Used to could play one. used to could Male White 78 8th grade TN (Spring City) TN (Spring City) 1978 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
COCA 1038 I used to wouldn't talk to nobody, but now I talk to people I haven't seen, you know, I ain't backwards or nothing. used to wouldn't Female Unknown unknown Unknown AR (Plainview) Television 1992 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
LAGS 632 You used to could buy lard in buckets, too. used to could Female White 85 7th grade MS (Weathersby) MS (Weathersby) 1978 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Labov 1241 Even in the streets, people useta would ask us to sing. used to would Unknown Black 37 Unknown SC (Unknown) Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 726 People used to would, you know. used to would Female White 65 8th grade TN (Knoxville) TN (Knoxville) 1972 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS\ 662 Used to could. used to could Female White 87 7th grade FL (Rock Hill) FL (Rock Hill) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Elsman 835 I used to could just go and hit the road and stay as long as I wanted to. used to could Female White 30s College (Graduate) SC (Unknown) SC (Columbia) 2007 co-worker to co-worker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 695 Used to might. used to might Male White 77 11th grade AL (New Brockton) AL (New Brockton) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 633 You used to could buy them. used to could Female White 74 8th grade GA (Glennville) GA (Glennville) 1972 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 663 Used to could. used to could Female White 70 College (Graduate, B.S. degree) AL (Stockton) AL (Stockton) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Park 900 I used to could used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Unknown) 1940 1.0
Elsman 836 My friend Ashley used to could do the best impression of Miss Copeland, our principal? used to could Female White 30s College (Graduate) SC (Unknown) SC (Columbia) 2007 co-worker to co-worker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 696 She used to wouldn't used to wouldn't Female White 71 5th grade TN (Springfield) TN (Springfield) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 634 You used to could buy them. used to could Male White 60 4th grade AL (Alpine) AL (Alpine) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 664 Used to could. used to could Female White 46 High school MS (Kosciusko) MS (Kosciusko) 1980 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 697 Used to wouldn't. used to wouldn't Male Black 78 8th grade MS (Brookhaven) MS (Little Springs) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 635 They used to could buy it. used to could Male White 70 9th grade GA (Cordele) GA (Cordele) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 665 I used to could make. used to could Female White 80 8th grade MS (Jefferson) MS (Jefferson) 1978 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 983 I can’t walk five mile I’ t’hahr nah, but ah used to could! used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (West Yorkshire) 1892 1.1
LAGS 698 Used to wouldn't. used to wouldn't Female White 78 Some education; barely literate LA (Kentwood) LA (Kentwood) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 636 You used to could buy that. used to could Male White 79 3-4 years of school GA (Fayette County) GA (Inman) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 666 Used to could. used to could Male Black 52 Some school; barely literate MS (Pulaski) MS (Pulaski) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
England 984 Aw used to could a done it. used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Chester) 1.0
England 993 I us’t at could dance as weel as anybody when I was young. used at could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Lancaster) 1.3
LAGS 613 You used could buy it. used could Male Black 90 Less than 1 term school FL (Shady Grove) FL (Shady Grove) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 614 I used could make biscuits. used could Male White 77 Military academy AL (Russellville) AR (Russellville) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Scotland 939 He shouldnae can come. shouldnae can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 943 He shouldnae no could have come. shouldnae could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 944 He shouldnae could no have come. shouldnae could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Feagin 795 They shouldn’t otta done that. They shoulda known better. shouldn't ought to Male White 16 College (Graduate) AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
DiPaolo 1403 It's something you sure as hell shouldn't ought to have to do. shouldn't ought to Male White unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Austin, in newspaper) 1981 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.6 Naturalistic
LAGS 607 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Male White 66 11th grade GA (Decatur) GA (Decatur) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 608 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 42 College TX (Burkeville) TX (Wiergate) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Boertien 1279 I shouldn’t oughta do that. shouldn't ought to Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 1.0 Elicited
LAGS 609 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 42 College TX (Nacogdoches) TX (Nacogdoches) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 610 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 29 College (1 year) TX (Victoria) TX (Victoria) 1975 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 611 Shouldn't ought to have done it. shouldn't ought to Male White 58 Graduate school (Doctoral degree) LA (New Orleans) LA (New Orleans) 1983 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 612 That shouldn't oughtn't to be. shouldn't ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Boertien 2102 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 1287 I shouldn’t oughta do that, should I? shouldn't ought to Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.8 Elicited
Boertien 2101 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 1291 shouldn’t SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought to Female White 32 College Student TX (Matagorda City) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2141 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 32 College Student TX (Matagorda City) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2148 shouldn't ought shouldn't ought White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
DiPaolo 1418 Well, once we get under way, it shouldn't oughta take us very long. shouldn't ought to Unknown Unknown unknown Unknown Unknown TX (San Antonio) 1981 unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Boertien 2151 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Scotland 940 He should no can come. should no can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) Spoken 1.0
Scotland 941 He should no could have come. should no could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2091 I think that we should have ought've done that yesterday. should have ought to Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 1.4 Elicited
DiPaolo 1402 You should oughta talk to both Financial Aid and (woman's name). should ought to Unknown Unknown unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Austin) person to woman Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Mishoe 67 Do you think we can afford it or should we might cancel the trip? should might Male White 40s Unknown Unknown SC/ NC (Unknown) c1990 husband to wife Spoken 2.1 Naturalistic
LAGS 606 Should ought to. should ought to Male White 58 Graduate school (Doctoral degree) LA (New Orleans) LA (New Orleans) 1983 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Coleman 1107 I should ought to go with him. should ought to Unknown White Unknown Unknown NC (Unknown) 1975 1.0 Elicited
Scotland 905 They should ought to make the rules clear. should ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Unknown) 1975 1.0
Boertien 1278 We should oughta not do that. should ought to not Female White 19 Unknown TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 1.0 Elicited
Scotland 907 He should can go tomorrow. should can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0 Naturalistic
Scotland 942 He should could no have come. should could no Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 1283 Shouldn’t you oughta do that? Should ought to Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Jamaica 1217 shuda hafi “should must” should hafi (=have to, must) Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Jamaica 1218 shuda kyan “should can” should can Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Scotland 921 He should can do it. should can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 922 He should could do it. should could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2111 should SUBJECT might ought should might ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Hern.&S 2026 He should can go. should can Unknown Black Unknown IL (Chicago) IL (Chicago) 1970s 1.0 Elicited
COCA 1036 Some people should- ought to be very careful about what they wish for. It might come true. should ought to Male White 50s College (Graduate, B.S. degree) MA (Boston) Television 1996 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 1181 [A: He doesn’t think people ought to smoke.] B: Well, they shouldn’t ought to, should they? should ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Newcastle) Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic

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