Table - See Overview for Filtering and Searching Explanation

source Entry Example Modal 1sort descending Modal 2 Modal 3 Gender Race / Ethnicity Age Level of Education Home Community, Town, or State Location Collected Year Relation to Addressee Medium Sentence Structure Status
Mishoe 87 That must didn't hurt him cause he's still in the lead. must didn't Male White unknown Unknown Unknown SC/ NC (Unknown) c1990 NBC announcer to audience Spoken 1.3 Naturalistic
Hern.&S 2025 He must can sing. must can Unknown Black c17 High school student IL (Chicago) IL (Chicago) 1970s Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Jamaica 1222 mos(a) fi “must ought to” must fe (=for, ought to) Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Jamaica 1223 mos(a) hafi “must must” must hafi (=have to, must) Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Jamaica 1224 mos(a) kyan “may/might must” must can Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Scotland 936 He must no can do it. must no can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2116 must not can must not can Male White 20s College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
Boertien 2117 must not ought must not ought Male White 20 College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
Boertien 2118 must not would must not would Male White 21 College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
Scotland 938 He mustnae can do it. mustnae can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 1155 Do they need to can do it? need to can Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Unknown) 2.0
Boertien 2110 ought SUBJECT might had ought might had Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2112 ought SUBJECT might should ought might should Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Park 902 He ought to could. ought to could Unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Unknown) 1940 1.0
Mashburn 1259 He ought to would see you. ought to would Unknown Unknown Unknown GA (Unknown) 1.0
Mashburn 1260 He ought to will see you. ought to will Unknown Unknown Unknown GA (Unknown) 1.0
LAMSAS 1507 ought to could ought to could Male White 73 4 months per year until age 18 PA (Turbotville) PA (Turbotville) 1939 fieldworker to informant Spoken
DiPaolo 1408 (woman's name) oughta could answer my questions although I didn't do so well. oughta could Male White unknown Unknown TX (Henderson) TX (Henderson,) man to woman Spoken 1.2 Naturalistic
England 2041 Na mare saltow ham con rede þen sternes of heyuen. sal con Unknown Unknown England 14th century Written 1.0
England 2049 Hu sal ani man ðe muʒen deren? sal muʒen Unknown Unknown England c1259 Written 2.0
England 2050 ... þai sall noght mow stand. sall mow Unknown Unknown England c1345 Written
Nagle 1142 Ælc cristen man hit sceall cunnan. “Each Christian man shall know it” sceall (=shall) cunnan (=could, ken, know) Male White Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) c1000 Written 1.0
England 2053 ... tanne i schal mow truliche sey ... the wordes þat be writen in holi writ. schal mow Unknown Unknown England c1400 Written 1.0 Elicited
England 2051 Thou schalt mowe senden hire a lettre. schalt mowe Unknown Unknown England 1390 Written 1.0
England 2052 Thou schalt mowe senden hire a lettre. schalt mowe Unknown Unknown England c1390 Written 1.0
England 986 Nobody seems to can understand it. seems to can Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Leicester) 1.0
England 2055 if it be wiþoute help any long tyme ... it shal noʒt mow be cured. shal mow Unknown Unknown England c1425 J. Arderne, Treatise of Fistula in Ano (EETS) 42, 26
England 2057 After the discrecyon of myne Executors as þe shal mow seme most ... expedient (OED). shal mowe Unknown Unknown England 1449 Written 1.3
England 2043 He shal neuer conne trotte. shal conne Unknown Unknown England 1484 Written 1.0
England 2054 for he shal mowe shewe be experience th’entente of his good will (OED). shal mowe Unknown Unknown England 1402 Written 1.0
England 2056 They shall ... mowe be ... emendyng to devout prayers ... in Goddis house, where prayers be most exaudible. shall mowe Unknown Unknown England c1443 Written 1.0
England 2058 Lete me have knowlache of ʒour mynde ... whan ʒe shall moun be in this cuntre. shall moun Unknown Unknown England 1481 Written 3.0
England 2059 As longe that I shall maye bere armes (OED). shall maye Unknown Unknown England c1489 Written
England 2060 No ship of greate burdon shall mowe comme ... in the seid Haven. shall mowe Unknown Unknown England 1495 Written 1.0
Visser 1212 I fear that the emperor will depart thence, before my letters shall may come into your grace’s hands. shall may Male White Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) 1532 Written 1.4
Traugott 1213 Ye shall mowe have itt of Toppis. shall mowe (=may) Unknown White Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) 1451 Written 1.0
England 2042 I shall not konne answere. shall koone Unknown Unknown England 1386 Written 1.0
Visser 1266 That ye counseille me how I shall may avenge me. shall may Male Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) c1489 Written
Visser 1267 On al the maners that ye shall conne demaunde. shall can Male Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) 1485 Written
Visser 1268 Who this booke shall wylle lerne May well enterprise. shall will Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) England (Unknown) 1481 Written 1.4
England 2061 þou ... shalt mowen retourne hool & sounde. shalt mowen Unknown Unknown England 1374 Written
England 2044 ... þatt mannkinn shollde muʒhenn wel Upp cumenn inntill heoffne. shollde muʒhenn Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written
England 2045 forrþi let be swellenn þa þe middle & þe little, þatt Crist ne shollde mu ʒ henn himm O nane wise attwindenn. shollde muʒhenn Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written 1.4
England 2046 To lefenn & to trowwenn þatt swillc an shollde muʒhenn beon Shippennd off alle shaffte shollde muʒhenn Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written 1.4
England 2047 forr þatt Crist ne wollde nohht þatt Nicodm ne wisste þatt he ne shollde muʒhenn nohht ben borrʒhenn, þohh he mihhte Lefenn & trowwenn rihht o Crist þurrh Cristes miccle tacness, But iff he wære... shollde muʒhenn Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written 1.4
England 2048 Swa þatt menn sholldenn muɽhenn sen þurrh Goddspellbokess lare All hu þeɽɽ mihhtenn follɽenn rihht þatt stih. sholldenn hafi (=have to, must) Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written 1.3
Boertien 2150 should SUBJECT ought should ought Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2152 should SUBJECT ought might should ought might Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Jamaica 1209 A [=I] should can find some. should can Unknown Unknown Unknown Caribbean (Jamaica) Jamaica (Unknown) 1.0
DiPaolo 1402 You should oughta talk to both Financial Aid and (woman's name). should ought to Unknown Unknown unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Austin) person to woman Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Mishoe 67 Do you think we can afford it or should we might cancel the trip? should might Male White 40s Unknown Unknown SC/ NC (Unknown) c1990 husband to wife Spoken 2.1 Naturalistic
Coleman 1107 I should ought to go with him. should ought to Unknown White Unknown Unknown NC (Unknown) 1975 1.0 Elicited
Scotland 905 They should ought to make the rules clear. should ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Unknown) 1975 1.0
LAGS 606 Should ought to. should ought to Male White 58 Graduate school (Doctoral degree) LA (New Orleans) LA (New Orleans) 1983 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Boertien 1278 We should oughta not do that. should ought to not Female White 19 Unknown TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 1.0 Elicited
Scotland 907 He should can go tomorrow. should can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0 Naturalistic
Scotland 942 He should could no have come. should could no Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 1283 Shouldn’t you oughta do that? Should ought to Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Jamaica 1217 shuda hafi “should must” should hafi (=have to, must) Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Jamaica 1218 shuda kyan “should can” should can Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Scotland 921 He should can do it. should can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 922 He should could do it. should could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2111 should SUBJECT might ought should might ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Hern.&S 2026 He should can go. should can Unknown Black Unknown IL (Chicago) IL (Chicago) 1970s 1.0 Elicited
England 1181 [A: He doesn’t think people ought to smoke.] B: Well, they shouldn’t ought to, should they? should ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Newcastle) Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
COCA 1036 Some people should- ought to be very careful about what they wish for. It might come true. should ought to Male White 50s College (Graduate, B.S. degree) MA (Boston) Television 1996 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Boertien 2091 I think that we should have ought've done that yesterday. should have ought to Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 1.4 Elicited
Scotland 940 He should no can come. should no can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) Spoken 1.0
Scotland 941 He should no could have come. should no could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2151 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Feagin 795 They shouldn’t otta done that. They shoulda known better. shouldn't ought to Male White 16 College (Graduate) AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
DiPaolo 1403 It's something you sure as hell shouldn't ought to have to do. shouldn't ought to Male White unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Austin, in newspaper) 1981 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.6 Naturalistic
LAGS 607 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Male White 66 11th grade GA (Decatur) GA (Decatur) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Boertien 1279 I shouldn’t oughta do that. shouldn't ought to Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 1.0 Elicited
LAGS 608 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 42 College TX (Burkeville) TX (Wiergate) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 609 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 42 College TX (Nacogdoches) TX (Nacogdoches) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 610 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 29 College (1 year) TX (Victoria) TX (Victoria) 1975 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 611 Shouldn't ought to have done it. shouldn't ought to Male White 58 Graduate school (Doctoral degree) LA (New Orleans) LA (New Orleans) 1983 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 612 That shouldn't oughtn't to be. shouldn't ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Boertien 2102 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 1287 I shouldn’t oughta do that, should I? shouldn't ought to Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.8 Elicited
Boertien 2101 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 1291 shouldn’t SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought to Female White 32 College Student TX (Matagorda City) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2141 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 32 College Student TX (Matagorda City) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2148 shouldn't ought shouldn't ought White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
DiPaolo 1418 Well, once we get under way, it shouldn't oughta take us very long. shouldn't ought to Unknown Unknown unknown Unknown Unknown TX (San Antonio) 1981 unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Scotland 939 He shouldnae can come. shouldnae can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 943 He shouldnae no could have come. shouldnae could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 944 He shouldnae could no have come. shouldnae could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
LAGS 613 You used could buy it. used could Male Black 90 Less than 1 term school FL (Shady Grove) FL (Shady Grove) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 614 I used could make biscuits. used could Male White 77 Military academy AL (Russellville) AR (Russellville) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 993 I us’t at could dance as weel as anybody when I was young. used at could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Lancaster) 1.3
LAGS 633 You used to could buy them. used to could Female White 74 8th grade GA (Glennville) GA (Glennville) 1972 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 663 Used to could. used to could Female White 70 College (Graduate, B.S. degree) AL (Stockton) AL (Stockton) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Park 900 I used to could used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Unknown) 1940 1.0
Elsman 836 My friend Ashley used to could do the best impression of Miss Copeland, our principal? used to could Female White 30s College (Graduate) SC (Unknown) SC (Columbia) 2007 co-worker to co-worker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 695 Used to might. used to might Male White 77 11th grade AL (New Brockton) AL (New Brockton) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 634 You used to could buy them. used to could Male White 60 4th grade AL (Alpine) AL (Alpine) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 664 Used to could. used to could Female White 46 High school MS (Kosciusko) MS (Kosciusko) 1980 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 696 She used to wouldn't used to wouldn't Female White 71 5th grade TN (Springfield) TN (Springfield) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic

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