Table - See Overview for Filtering and Searching Explanation

source Entry Example Modal 1sort ascending Modal 2 Modal 3 Gender Race / Ethnicity Age Level of Education Home Community, Town, or State Location Collected Year Relation to Addressee Medium Sentence Structure Status
Park 900 I used to could used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Unknown) 1940 1.0
Elsman 836 My friend Ashley used to could do the best impression of Miss Copeland, our principal? used to could Female White 30s College (Graduate) SC (Unknown) SC (Columbia) 2007 co-worker to co-worker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 695 Used to might. used to might Male White 77 11th grade AL (New Brockton) AL (New Brockton) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
COCA 1034 She used to could kill a horse with a fist between the eyes, but this week it's been migraines and fainting spells. used to could Female Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Fictional Story 1991 woman to man Written 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 633 You used to could buy them. used to could Female White 74 8th grade GA (Glennville) GA (Glennville) 1972 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 664 Used to could. used to could Female White 46 High school MS (Kosciusko) MS (Kosciusko) 1980 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 696 She used to wouldn't used to wouldn't Female White 71 5th grade TN (Springfield) TN (Springfield) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 634 You used to could buy them. used to could Male White 60 4th grade AL (Alpine) AL (Alpine) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 665 I used to could make. used to could Female White 80 8th grade MS (Jefferson) MS (Jefferson) 1978 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 697 Used to wouldn't. used to wouldn't Male Black 78 8th grade MS (Brookhaven) MS (Little Springs) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
COCA 1037 They used to wouldn't let you pay a guitar around partly because they called it sinful music- the devil's music, you know? used to wouldn't Male Black 80 Elementary School MS (Winona) Radio 1994 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.3 Naturalistic
LAGS 635 They used to could buy it. used to could Male White 70 9th grade GA (Cordele) GA (Cordele) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 666 Used to could. used to could Male Black 52 Some school; barely literate MS (Pulaski) MS (Pulaski) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 698 Used to wouldn't. used to wouldn't Female White 78 Some education; barely literate LA (Kentwood) LA (Kentwood) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
COCA 1038 I used to wouldn't talk to nobody, but now I talk to people I haven't seen, you know, I ain't backwards or nothing. used to wouldn't Female Unknown unknown Unknown AR (Plainview) Television 1992 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
LAGS 636 You used to could buy that. used to could Male White 79 3-4 years of school GA (Fayette County) GA (Inman) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Labov 1241 Even in the streets, people useta would ask us to sing. used to would Unknown Black 37 Unknown SC (Unknown) Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 667 Used to could. used to could Female White 80 8th grade MS (Soso) MS (Soso) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 699 Used to wouldn't go fishing. used to wouldn't Female White 80 8th grade TX (Waco) TX (Waco) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 637 You used to could. used to could Female White 54 High school (Graduate) FL (Whitney) FL (Whitney) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 668 Used to could. used to could Male Black 85 Illiterate MS (Woodville) MS (Lessley) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 700 Used to wouldn't have. used to wouldn't Female White 76 10th grade GA (Palmyra) GA (Leesburg) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Feagin 796 I don’t dare hit the traffic out here now cause I can’t hear or see as good as I useta could! used to could Male White Unknown AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) early 1970s Spoken 1.2 Naturalistic
LAGS 638 We used to could get it here. used to could Male White 85 8th grade AR (Helena) AR (Rondo) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 669 Used to could. used to could Male White 62 College (1 year) LA (Slidell) LA (Slidell) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Scotland 906 He used tae widnae let me up the brae. used to wouldnae Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (West Lothian) 1979 Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 983 I can’t walk five mile I’ t’hahr nah, but ah used to could! used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (West Yorkshire) 1892 1.1
LAGS 701 I used to wouldn't mention it. used to wouldn't Female White 31 High school and beautician training FL (Port Orange) FL (Port Orange) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Feagin 797 Well, I useta could play fairly well. used to could Male White 80 10th grade AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 639 Used to could buy. used to could Male White 79 6th grade and self-educated TX (Schulenburg) TX (Schulenberg) 1978 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 670 Used to could. used to could Female White 77 3 months per year until age 17 AR (Pee Dee) AR (Pee Dee) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
England 984 Aw used to could a done it. used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Chester) 1.0
LAGS 702 She used to wouldn't be afraid. used to wouldn't Male Black 90 Less than 1 term school; illiterate FL (Shady Grove) FL (Shady Grove) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Feagin 798 I useta could imitate anybody ’n anything that come up, I could imitate ’em. used to could Female White 61 8th grade AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Unknown Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
LAGS 640 I used to could. used to could Male White 65 10th grade GA (Walton County) GA (Walnut Grove) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 671 Used to could. used to could Male White 45 High school AR (Lake Village) AR (Lake Village) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
England 985 Did you, when you used to could work? used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Lincolnshire) 2.3
LAGS 703 He used to wouldn't. used to wouldn't Female Black 65 8th grade TN (Covington) TN (Covington) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Feagin 799 My husband useta could play one of those things. used to could Female White 61 8th grade AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 641 I used to could. used to could Female White 71 10th grade FL (Rockmart) FL (Rockmart) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Montgomery 229 I just can't do what I used to could do. used to could Female White 71 College (Graduate) Unknown SC (Unknown) Unknown Spoken 1.4 Naturalistic
LAGS 672 Used to could. used to could Female White 33 Graduate school (Master's degree) TX (Houston) TX (Houston) 1975 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 704 Used to wouldn't. used to wouldn't Male White 50 Unknown AL (Burgess Plantation on Cedar Creek) AR (Russellville) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Feagin 800 I could, useta could make the icin’, but I can’t stand up. used to could Female White 78 Unknown AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
LAGS 642 I used to could. used to could Female Black 70 9th grade GA (Cordele) GA (Cordele) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 673 I used to could whistle. used to could Female Black 63 6th grade MS (Washington County) MS (Leland) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 987 Shay’d used to couldn’t sit nur stan’. used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Leicester) 1.0
Scotland 1158 He used to might visit us on Sundays. used to might Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Unknown) 1.0
LAGS 705 Used to wouldn't. used to wouldn't Male White 77 Part of 9th grade GA (Lamar) GA (Lamar) 1977 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Feagin 801 I useta could play, too, but I couldn’t pick out nothin’! used to could Female White 77 6th grade AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Unknown Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
LAGS 643 I used to could say it. used to could Female White 82 8th grade GA (Americus) GA (Americus) 1975 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 674 I used to could work all day. used to could Male White 82 7th grade TN (Laurel Bloomery) TN (Laurel Bloomery) 1971 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 989 I’d use to could du it in halfe the toime. used to could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Leicester) 1.0
Scotland 1159 He used to would drink black coffee late at night. used to would Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Unknown) 1.0
LAGS 706 I used to wouldn't think I'd ever drink instant coffee, but I do. used to wouldn't Female White 71 College (1 year) TX (Palestine) TX (Palestine) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
Feagin 802 I had a sister-in-law that useta could make the best biscuits! used to could Female White 74 9th grade AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Unknown Spoken 1.6 Naturalistic
LAGS 644 I used to could, but I can't now. used to could Male Black 61 4th grade GA (Valdosta) GA (Valdosta) 1971 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
England 993 I us’t at could dance as weel as anybody when I was young. used at could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Lancaster) 1.3
LAGS 613 You used could buy it. used could Male Black 90 Less than 1 term school FL (Shady Grove) FL (Shady Grove) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 614 I used could make biscuits. used could Male White 77 Military academy AL (Russellville) AR (Russellville) 1973 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Scotland 944 He shouldnae could no have come. shouldnae could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 939 He shouldnae can come. shouldnae can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 943 He shouldnae no could have come. shouldnae could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2102 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 1287 I shouldn’t oughta do that, should I? shouldn't ought to Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.8 Elicited
Boertien 2101 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 1291 shouldn’t SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought to Female White 32 College Student TX (Matagorda City) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2141 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 32 College Student TX (Matagorda City) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2148 shouldn't ought shouldn't ought White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
DiPaolo 1418 Well, once we get under way, it shouldn't oughta take us very long. shouldn't ought to Unknown Unknown unknown Unknown Unknown TX (San Antonio) 1981 unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Feagin 795 They shouldn’t otta done that. They shoulda known better. shouldn't ought to Male White 16 College (Graduate) AL (Unknown) AL (Unknown) 1972 Unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Boertien 2151 shouldn't SUBJECT ought shouldn't ought Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
LAGS 607 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Male White 66 11th grade GA (Decatur) GA (Decatur) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 608 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 42 College TX (Burkeville) TX (Wiergate) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 609 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 42 College TX (Nacogdoches) TX (Nacogdoches) 1974 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
LAGS 610 Shouldn't ought to. shouldn't ought to Female White 29 College (1 year) TX (Victoria) TX (Victoria) 1975 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
DiPaolo 1403 It's something you sure as hell shouldn't ought to have to do. shouldn't ought to Male White unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Austin, in newspaper) 1981 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.6 Naturalistic
LAGS 611 Shouldn't ought to have done it. shouldn't ought to Male White 58 Graduate school (Doctoral degree) LA (New Orleans) LA (New Orleans) 1983 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Boertien 1279 I shouldn’t oughta do that. shouldn't ought to Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 1.0 Elicited
LAGS 612 That shouldn't oughtn't to be. shouldn't ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Scotland 940 He should no can come. should no can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) Spoken 1.0
Scotland 941 He should no could have come. should no could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2091 I think that we should have ought've done that yesterday. should have ought to Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 1.4 Elicited
Boertien 1283 Shouldn’t you oughta do that? Should ought to Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Scotland 921 He should can do it. should can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Jamaica 1217 shuda hafi “should must” should hafi (=have to, must) Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Scotland 922 He should could do it. should could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Jamaica 1218 shuda kyan “should can” should can Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Boertien 2111 should SUBJECT might ought should might ought Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Hern.&S 2026 He should can go. should can Unknown Black Unknown IL (Chicago) IL (Chicago) 1970s 1.0 Elicited
COCA 1036 Some people should- ought to be very careful about what they wish for. It might come true. should ought to Male White 50s College (Graduate, B.S. degree) MA (Boston) Television 1996 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 1181 [A: He doesn’t think people ought to smoke.] B: Well, they shouldn’t ought to, should they? should ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Newcastle) Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Mishoe 67 Do you think we can afford it or should we might cancel the trip? should might Male White 40s Unknown Unknown SC/ NC (Unknown) c1990 husband to wife Spoken 2.1 Naturalistic
Boertien 2150 should SUBJECT ought should ought Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Scotland 905 They should ought to make the rules clear. should ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Unknown) 1975 1.0
LAGS 606 Should ought to. should ought to Male White 58 Graduate school (Doctoral degree) LA (New Orleans) LA (New Orleans) 1983 subject to fieldworker Spoken unknown Naturalistic
Boertien 2152 should SUBJECT ought might should ought might Female White 19 College Student TX (Dickenson) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Jamaica 1209 A [=I] should can find some. should can Unknown Unknown Unknown Caribbean (Jamaica) Jamaica (Unknown) 1.0
Scotland 907 He should can go tomorrow. should can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0 Naturalistic
DiPaolo 1402 You should oughta talk to both Financial Aid and (woman's name). should ought to Unknown Unknown unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Austin) person to woman Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic

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