Table - See Overview for Filtering and Searching Explanation

source Entry Example Modal 1sort ascending Modal 2 Modal 3 Gender Race / Ethnicity Age Level of Education Home Community, Town, or State Location Collected Year Relation to Addressee Medium Sentence Structure Status
Hern.&S 2026 He should can go. should can Unknown Black Unknown IL (Chicago) IL (Chicago) 1970s 1.0 Elicited
COCA 1036 Some people should- ought to be very careful about what they wish for. It might come true. should ought to Male White 50s College (Graduate, B.S. degree) MA (Boston) Television 1996 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 1181 [A: He doesn’t think people ought to smoke.] B: Well, they shouldn’t ought to, should they? should ought to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Newcastle) Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
England 2048 Swa þatt menn sholldenn muɽhenn sen þurrh Goddspellbokess lare All hu þeɽɽ mihhtenn follɽenn rihht þatt stih. sholldenn hafi (=have to, must) Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written 1.3
England 2044 ... þatt mannkinn shollde muʒhenn wel Upp cumenn inntill heoffne. shollde muʒhenn Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written
England 2045 forrþi let be swellenn þa þe middle & þe little, þatt Crist ne shollde mu ʒ henn himm O nane wise attwindenn. shollde muʒhenn Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written 1.4
England 2046 To lefenn & to trowwenn þatt swillc an shollde muʒhenn beon Shippennd off alle shaffte shollde muʒhenn Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written 1.4
England 2047 forr þatt Crist ne wollde nohht þatt Nicodm ne wisste þatt he ne shollde muʒhenn nohht ben borrʒhenn, þohh he mihhte Lefenn & trowwenn rihht o Crist þurrh Cristes miccle tacness, But iff he wære... shollde muʒhenn Unknown Unknown England c1200 Written 1.4
England 2061 þou ... shalt mowen retourne hool & sounde. shalt mowen Unknown Unknown England 1374 Written
England 2056 They shall ... mowe be ... emendyng to devout prayers ... in Goddis house, where prayers be most exaudible. shall mowe Unknown Unknown England c1443 Written 1.0
England 2058 Lete me have knowlache of ʒour mynde ... whan ʒe shall moun be in this cuntre. shall moun Unknown Unknown England 1481 Written 3.0
England 2059 As longe that I shall maye bere armes (OED). shall maye Unknown Unknown England c1489 Written
England 2060 No ship of greate burdon shall mowe comme ... in the seid Haven. shall mowe Unknown Unknown England 1495 Written 1.0
Visser 1212 I fear that the emperor will depart thence, before my letters shall may come into your grace’s hands. shall may Male White Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) 1532 Written 1.4
Traugott 1213 Ye shall mowe have itt of Toppis. shall mowe (=may) Unknown White Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) 1451 Written 1.0
England 2042 I shall not konne answere. shall koone Unknown Unknown England 1386 Written 1.0
Visser 1266 That ye counseille me how I shall may avenge me. shall may Male Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) c1489 Written
Visser 1267 On al the maners that ye shall conne demaunde. shall can Male Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) 1485 Written
Visser 1268 Who this booke shall wylle lerne May well enterprise. shall will Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) England (Unknown) 1481 Written 1.4
England 2055 if it be wiþoute help any long tyme ... it shal noʒt mow be cured. shal mow Unknown Unknown England c1425 J. Arderne, Treatise of Fistula in Ano (EETS) 42, 26
England 2057 After the discrecyon of myne Executors as þe shal mow seme most ... expedient (OED). shal mowe Unknown Unknown England 1449 Written 1.3
England 2043 He shal neuer conne trotte. shal conne Unknown Unknown England 1484 Written 1.0
England 2054 for he shal mowe shewe be experience th’entente of his good will (OED). shal mowe Unknown Unknown England 1402 Written 1.0
England 986 Nobody seems to can understand it. seems to can Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Leicester) 1.0
England 2051 Thou schalt mowe senden hire a lettre. schalt mowe Unknown Unknown England 1390 Written 1.0
England 2052 Thou schalt mowe senden hire a lettre. schalt mowe Unknown Unknown England c1390 Written 1.0
England 2053 ... tanne i schal mow truliche sey ... the wordes þat be writen in holi writ. schal mow Unknown Unknown England c1400 Written 1.0 Elicited
Nagle 1142 Ælc cristen man hit sceall cunnan. “Each Christian man shall know it” sceall (=shall) cunnan (=could, ken, know) Male White Unknown Unknown England (Unknown) c1000 Written 1.0
England 2050 ... þai sall noght mow stand. sall mow Unknown Unknown England c1345 Written
England 2041 Na mare saltow ham con rede þen sternes of heyuen. sal con Unknown Unknown England 14th century Written 1.0
England 2049 Hu sal ani man ðe muʒen deren? sal muʒen Unknown Unknown England c1259 Written 2.0
DiPaolo 1408 (woman's name) oughta could answer my questions although I didn't do so well. oughta could Male White unknown Unknown TX (Henderson) TX (Henderson,) man to woman Spoken 1.2 Naturalistic
Park 902 He ought to could. ought to could Unknown Unknown Unknown TX (Unknown) 1940 1.0
Mashburn 1259 He ought to would see you. ought to would Unknown Unknown Unknown GA (Unknown) 1.0
Mashburn 1260 He ought to will see you. ought to will Unknown Unknown Unknown GA (Unknown) 1.0
LAMSAS 1507 ought to could ought to could Male White 73 4 months per year until age 18 PA (Turbotville) PA (Turbotville) 1939 fieldworker to informant Spoken
Boertien 2110 ought SUBJECT might had ought might had Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Boertien 2112 ought SUBJECT might should ought might should Female White 21 College Student TX (Beaumont) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.0 Elicited
Scotland 1155 Do they need to can do it? need to can Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Unknown) 2.0
Scotland 938 He mustnae can do it. mustnae can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2116 must not can must not can Male White 20s College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
Boertien 2117 must not ought must not ought Male White 20 College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
Boertien 2118 must not would must not would Male White 21 College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
Scotland 936 He must no can do it. must no can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Cunningham 1273 He must have fuh do əm. must have fuh (=have to) Unknown Black Unknown SC (Unknown) SC (Unknown) 1.0
COCA 1005 ... the deep truth that God never gives you more than you can handle. So, I must can handle it and learn from this experience. must can Female White 40 Unknown LA (Shreveport) Radio 1998 interviewee to interviewer Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
Cunningham 1274 He must have fa see something. must have fuh (have to) Unknown Black Unknown SC (Unknown) SC (Unknown) 1.0
Labov 1243 Well, you must can’t fuck good, then. must can Unknown Black 26 Unknown NJ (Unknown) NY (New York City) Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
LAGS 605 He must can smell me. must can Male Black 88 6th-7th grade FL (Bealsville) FL (Bealsville) 1976 subject to fieldworker Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Jamaica 1210 Him mus’ can do it. must can Unknown Unknown Unknown Caribbean (Jamaica) Jamaica (Unknown) Unknown 1.0
Scotland 937 He must can no do it. must can no Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Boertien 2126 must can't must can't Male White 20 College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
Montgomery 195 Well if you can be morally bankrupt, then you must could bank morals. must could Male White 60s Graduate school (Doctoral degree) Unknown Unknown Unknown Spoken 1.2 Naturalistic
Boertien 2127 must oughtn't must oughtn't Male White 20 College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 Elicited
Belize 1232 Yu mos yuz tu ... must used to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Belize (Unknown)
Boertien 1288 He must wouldn’t steal, would he? must wouldn't Male White 20 College Student TX (San Antonio) TX (Unknown) c1980 2.8 Elicited
England 1169 The girls usually make me some [toasted sandwiches], but they mustn’t could have made any today. must could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown England (Newcastle) Spoken 1.1 Naturalistic
Scotland 919 He must could do it. must could Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Scotland 920 He must can do it. must can Unknown Unknown Unknown Scotland (Hawick) Scotland (Hawick) 1.0
Mishoe 87 That must didn't hurt him cause he's still in the lead. must didn't Male White unknown Unknown Unknown SC/ NC (Unknown) c1990 NBC announcer to audience Spoken 1.3 Naturalistic
Hern.&S 2025 He must can sing. must can Unknown Black c17 High school student IL (Chicago) IL (Chicago) 1970s Spoken 1.0 Naturalistic
Jamaica 1222 mos(a) fi “must ought to” must fe (=for, ought to) Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Jamaica 1223 mos(a) hafi “must must” must hafi (=have to, must) Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Jamaica 1224 mos(a) kyan “may/might must” must can Unknown Black Unknown Unknown Jamaica (Unknown)
Taylor 891 I mought ’a’ could if I’d ’a’ wanted to. mought have could Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown MO (southwestern) 1923 1.3
LAMSAS 1605 mought could mought could Female Black 75 Illiterate VA (Holdcroft) VA (Holdcroft) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1727 mought could mought could Male White 68 no information NC (Canetuck) NC (Canetuck) 1934 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1759 mought could mought could Male Black 77 3 years NC (Nashville) NC (Nashville) 1937 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1983 mought could mought could Male White 85 Very little GA (Lonesome Cove) GA (Lonesome Cove) 1934 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1666 mought could mought could Female White 77 1 year VA (Dutch Creek) VA (Dutch Creek) 1935 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1760 mought could mought could Male White 76 3 months total NC (Nashville) NC (Nashville) 1937 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1635 mought could mought could Female White 61 Private teacher VA (Mt. Tabor) VA (Mt. Tabor) 1935 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1729 mought could mought could Male White 75 no information NC (Whiskey Creek) NC (Whiskey Creek) 1937 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1920 mought could mought could Male White 80 Until age 12 or 13 GA (Flemington) GA (Flemington) 1934 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1667 mought could mought could Male White 55 Until age 16 VA (Nellysford) VA (Nellysford) 1935 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1700 mought could mought could Male White 71 Very little NC (Alligator Township) NC (Alligator Township) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1794 mought could mought could Male White 81 18 days NC (Danbury) NC (Danbury) 1937 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1549 mought could mought could Male White 69 Very little MD (Tilghman Island) MD (Tilghman Island) 1939 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1636 mought could mought could Male Black 86 no information VA (Cumberland Courthouse) VA (Cumberland Courthouse) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1668 mought could mought could Female White 83 1 year VA (Battery Creek) VA (Battery Creek) 1935 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1608 mought could mought could Female White 86 Illiterate VA (Discund) VA (Discund) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1550 mought could mought could Male White 58 Until age 20 MD (Salem) MD (Salem) 1939 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1637 mought could mought could Male White 68 12 months VA (CaIla) VA (CaIra) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1731 mought could mought could Male Black 89 no information NC (Calabash) NC (Calabash) 1937 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1702 mought could mought could Female White 70 Unknown NC (Rodanthe) NC (Rodanthe) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1551 mought could mought could Male White 73 Two or three weeks MD (Mt. Pleasant) MD (Mt. Pleasant) 1939 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1581 mought could mought could Male White 83 1 year VA (Alsop) VA (Alsop) 1934 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1797 mought could mought could Female White 39 Until age 12 NC (Sage Creek) NC (Sage Creek) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1671 mought could mought could Female White 70 Very little VA (Shooting Creek) VA (Shooting Creek) 1935 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1704 mought could mought could Male White 82 1.5 months every summer NC (New Englehard) NC (New Englehard) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1798 mought could mought could Female White 86 A few years NC (Boonville) NC (Boonville) 1934 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1553 mought could mought could Female White 68 Until age 17 MD (Deal Island) MD (Deal Island) 1939 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1767 mought could mought could Male White 77 Illiterate NC (Oxford P.O.) NC (Oxford P.O.) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1610 mought could mought could Female White 107 No education VA (Messick) Messick VA 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1894 mought could mought could Male White 75 Illiterate SC (Armenia) SC (Armenia) 1934 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1831 mought could mought could Male White 60 A little SC (Hemingway) SC (Hemingway) 1934 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1769 mought could mought could Female White 68 A few months for a few years NC (Cary P.O.) NC (Cary P.O.) 1934 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1613 mought could mought could Male White 76 Little education VA (Tangier Island) VA (Tangier Island) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1708 mought could mought could Male White 75 4 sessions of 2 months each NC (Whortonsville P.O.) NC (Whortonsville P.O.) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken
LAMSAS 1709 mought could mought could Female White 40 Until age 18 NC (Merritt P.O.) NC (Merritt P.O.) 1936 fieldworker to informant Spoken

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