|
LAMSAS |
1975 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
80 |
4th grade |
GA (Thompson) |
GA (Thompson) |
1971 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1390 |
He may can tell you. |
may |
can |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Graduate |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1981 |
man to man |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1722 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
51 |
High school |
NC (Trenton P.O.) |
NC (Trenton P.O.) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
444 |
Might could have.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
19 |
College (student at time of interview) |
MS (Jackson) |
MS (Jackson) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
192 |
I think that I might could find enough differential there to test the distinction. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
24 |
Graduate school (Some) |
MS (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1479 |
You might can make the case for this. |
might |
can |
|
Male |
White |
40s |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
CA (Los Angeles) |
SC (Columbia) |
2010 |
teacher to student |
Written |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1569 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70 |
Illiterate |
MD (Nanjemoy) |
MD (Nanjemoy) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2275 |
|
might |
can |
|
Male |
Other |
50 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
VA |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1816 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
54 |
Educated at Newfound, then 3 years at Haywood Institute |
NC (Lower Hominy) |
NC (Lower Hominy) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
538 |
I figured I might not ought to.
|
might not |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
75 |
7-8 years of school |
GA (Miller County) |
GA (Colquitt) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1911 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
58 |
Country school |
SC (Anderson) |
SC (Anderson) |
1941 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
2081 |
I might even woulda gone with him to get a tat. |
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
30 |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
IL (Abingdon) |
SC (Columbia) |
2013 |
friend to friends |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
380 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
53 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Falfurrias) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
634 |
You used to could buy them.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
White |
60 |
4th grade |
AL (Alpine) |
AL (Alpine) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2212 |
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
NC |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Butters |
1204 |
Bob Cushaw [of Andrews NC] says he would like his wife to quit her babysitting job. “If you come back here in one year, I may can say I now own this or I now own that, but I’ll talk to you just as I... |
may |
can |
|
Male |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1508 |
maybe could |
maybe |
could |
|
Male |
White |
67 |
Until age 19 |
PA (White Hall) |
PA (White Hall) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
477 |
I might could help you.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
68 |
9th grade |
MS (Dillon) |
MS (Lorman) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1601 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
46 |
Until age 16 |
VA (Beulahville) |
VA (Beulahville) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Skipper |
159 |
We might shouldn't have done it last night.
|
might |
shouldn't |
|
Male |
White |
21 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1849 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
80 |
8th grade |
SC (Indian Fields) |
SC (Indian Fields) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Visser |
1266 |
That ye counseille me how I shall may avenge me. |
shall |
may |
|
Male |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Unknown) |
c1489 |
|
Written |
|
|
|
LAGS |
321 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
49 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
GA (Monticello) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1944 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
83 |
2 months |
GA (Alexander) |
GA (Alexander) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Boertien |
2113 |
might not ought |
might not |
ought |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2244 |
|
might |
should |
|
Male |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
FL |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1785 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
49 |
Until age 18 |
NC (Rubyatt) |
NC (Rubyatt) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
1450 |
Sarah might could get an A if she tried. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
20s |
College (Graduate) |
Unknown |
SC (Columbia) |
2010 |
friend to friend |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1540 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
63 |
Four months only at age 14 or 15 |
WV (Panther) |
WV (Panther) |
1940 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
507 |
I might could say "might could."
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
28 |
Graduate school (Doctoral student at time of interview) |
AL (Troy) |
AL (Troy) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1032 |
We have had some success in broadening our economic perspective to- with NAFTA and the GATT agreement and selling more of our products that we used to couldn't sell.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
47 |
Graduate school (Law degree) |
AR (Hope) |
Radio |
1993 |
elected official to constituency |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1882 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
87 |
Ages 6-10 |
SC (Graniteville) |
SC (Graniteville) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
349 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
64 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
FL (Pensacola) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
603 |
Yeah, I might would use that term.
|
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
45 |
High school |
AL (Lee County) |
AL (Opelika) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1976 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
95 |
Local schools |
GA (Doraville) |
GA (Doraville) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1723 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
69 |
About 12 months total |
NC (Roe) |
NC (Roe) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
697 |
Used to wouldn't.
|
used to |
wouldn't |
|
Male |
Black |
78 |
8th grade |
MS (Brookhaven) |
MS (Little Springs) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
193 |
At the time I looked at it, I thought I may could draw a distinction there. |
may |
could |
|
Male |
White |
24 |
Graduate school (Some) |
MS (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1480 |
I might can get this finished tonight. |
might |
can |
|
Male |
White |
29 |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
TN (Sneedville) |
SC (Columbia) |
2012 |
husband to wife |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1570 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
79 |
Until age 16 |
MD (Nanjemoy) |
MD (Nanjemoy) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1817 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
74 |
None |
NC (Brevard) |
NC (Brevard) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
539 |
Might ought not done it.
|
might |
ought not |
|
Male |
White |
77 |
8th grade |
LA (Germantown) |
LA (Germantown) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
289 |
Might can.
|
might |
can |
|
Male |
White |
61 |
Graduate school (Law degree) |
GA (Montgomery Co.) |
GA (Mt. Vernon) |
1970 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1912 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
69 |
4 years |
SC (Greenville) |
SC (Greenville) |
1941 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
2082 |
Tie rod may could do that or a bearing may could do that.
|
may |
could |
|
Male |
Other |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Columbia) |
2013 |
clerk to customer |
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1659 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
73 |
Illiterate |
VA (Shiflett Hollow) |
VA (Shiflett Hollow) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
635 |
They used to could buy it.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70 |
9th grade |
GA (Cordele) |
GA (Cordele) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
64 |
We need something we might would turn into something. |
might |
should |
|
Male |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
husband to wife |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
478 |
I might could help you.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
85 |
9th grade |
MS (Bogue Chitto) |
MS (Bogue Chitto) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
226 |
If you like it, I might can sell it. |
might |
can |
|
Male |
White |
60s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
Visser |
1267 |
On al the maners that ye shall conne demaunde. |
shall |
can |
|
Male |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Unknown) |
1485 |
|
Written |
|
|
|
LAGS |
572 |
You might would have done the same thing that the blacks have done.
|
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
43 |
High school and business college |
AR (Little Rock) |
AR (Little Rock) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1945 |
may can |
may |
can |
|
Male |
White |
83 |
2 months |
GA (Alexander) |
GA (Alexander) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Boertien |
2114 |
might not could |
might not |
could |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAGS |
666 |
Used to could.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
52 |
Some school; barely literate |
MS (Pulaski) |
MS (Pulaski) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
414 |
Might could do that.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
22 |
College (Graduate) |
AR (Little Rock) |
AR (Little Rock) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2245 |
|
may |
can |
|
Male |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
AL |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
96 |
I thought you said we might could get some candy? |
might |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
son to mother |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1451 |
I might could drive a race car. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
26 |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Greenwood) |
SC (Columbia) |
2010 |
friend to group |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1541 |
maybe could |
maybe |
could |
|
Male |
White |
65 |
Until age 14 |
WV (Salt Rock) |
WV (Salt Rock) |
1940 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
508 |
I'll try. I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
67 |
8th grade |
TN (Arno) |
TN (Arno) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
762 |
You might could hang a doghouse [i.e. dormer] there. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
26 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
258 |
might better
|
might |
better |
|
Male |
White |
67 |
8th grade |
TN (Arno) |
TN (Arno) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1628 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
76 |
Very little |
VA (Holland) |
VA (Holland) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1883 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
78 |
High school (Some) |
SC (Oakwood) |
SC (Oakwood) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Boertien |
1300 |
Might you oughtn’t to have done that?
|
might |
oughtn't to |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1977 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
75 |
8th grade |
GA (Rock Chapel) |
GA (Rock Chapel) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Montgomery |
194 |
There's lots of stuff I haven't gotten to. If I did, I might could develop my ideas more. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
24 |
Graduate school (Some) |
MS (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1994 |
If he's feeling better, he might could give us some playing time. It'll just depend on how he's doing tomorrow. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
25 |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Gaffney) |
SC (Columbia) |
2012 |
friend to friend |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1571 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
39 |
Until age 17 |
MD (Pomfret) |
MD (Pomfret) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2277 |
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
60 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
VA |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
540 |
Might ought to.
|
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
24 |
Graduate school (Doctoral student at Emory University at time of interview) |
TN (Chattanooga) |
TN (Chattanooga) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1913 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70 |
2 years |
SC (Walhalla) |
SC (Walhalla) |
1941 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1330 |
They mighta coulda moved it. or It mighta coulda been moved. |
might have |
could |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1980 |
man to woman |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2083 |
They all might oughta do that. |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1660 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
80 |
None |
VA (Batesville) |
VA (Batesville) |
1933 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
382 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
68 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
AR (Bay Fa) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
636 |
You used to could buy that.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
White |
79 |
3-4 years of school |
GA (Fayette County) |
GA (Inman) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
England |
977 |
He wouldn’t could go. |
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Durham) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Visser |
1268 |
Who this booke shall wylle lerne May well enterprise. |
shall |
will |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
England (Unknown) |
England (Unknown) |
1481 |
|
Written |
1.4 |
|
|
DiPaolo |
1363 |
Jeanie's house is the fartherest from K-Bob. Do you think they might oughta meet us there? |
might |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin, on phone) |
1979 |
friend to friend |
Spoken |
2.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Scotland |
1148 |
They maybe could be working in the shop. |
maybe |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
904 |
In a crisis, what would a wee lassie like that could dae for me? |
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
|
Scotland (West Lothian) |
1979 |
stranger |
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Jamaica |
1223 |
mos(a) hafi “must must” |
must |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
England |
1180 |
I’ll tell you who they could be. They might could be Luke Skywalker and Han Solo. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
936 |
He must no can do it.
|
must no |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Labov |
1239 |
I might can’t get no more fines, neither. |
might |
can't |
|
Unknown |
Black |
12 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
NY (New York City) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1331 |
I might not could stay the whole time. |
might not |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DARE |
872 |
We might could find some mackerel on the outer reef. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
FL (Gainesville) |
1980 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Price |
1206 |
I may not can keep that up. |
may not |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
England |
978 |
Will he can go? |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Durham) |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
Cunningham |
1269 |
They may would do that for you. |
may |
would |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1149 |
You might would like to come with us. |
might |
would |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
905 |
They should ought to make the rules clear. |
should |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Jamaica |
1224 |
mos(a) kyan “may/might must” |
must |
can |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
England |
1181 |
[A: He doesn’t think people ought to smoke.] B: Well, they shouldn’t ought to, should they?
|
should |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Scotland |
937 |
He must can no do it. |
must |
can no |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Montgomery |
196 |
Things are going to be interesting next year. You might not can go to Poland. |
might not |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Labov |
1240 |
In deep water. I might can get hurt. |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Black |
14 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
NY (New York City) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Coleman |
1127 |
I may ought to have been doing my homework. |
may |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |