|
Feagin |
749 |
If these people wanted it, they might could keep it. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
8th grade |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
1972 |
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
244 |
I may can {do it}
|
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
72 |
5th grade |
GA (Folkston) |
GA (Folkston) |
1969 |
female to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2234 |
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
GA |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1440 |
Harry said he might could fix the car. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
85 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Sneedville) |
TN (Sneedville) |
2010 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Elicited |
|
Elsman |
826 |
I didn't know if there was a person who handled technology who might could better answer my question. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
customer to representative of rental meeting space |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
337 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
65 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TN (Forbus) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1872 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
Limited, local |
SC (Lykesland) |
SC (Lykesland) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
COCA |
1078 |
Might could be. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
TN (Unknown) |
Fictional Story |
1994 |
woman to man |
Written |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Skipper |
179 |
It may would have driven me out. |
may |
would |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1714 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
53 |
High school (Some) |
NC (Winterville P.O.) |
NC (Winterville P.O.) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
22 |
We might should go in. |
might |
should |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
student to group of students |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
782 |
The kids might would enjoy it if you gon throw it away. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
8th grade |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
1972 |
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
276 |
I might can.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
22 |
College (Graduate, B.S. degree) |
TN (Knox Co.) |
TN (Morristown) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1808 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
64 |
Very little |
NC (Kings Creek) |
NC (Kings Creek) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
466 |
You might could help out.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
71 |
10th grade |
FL (Rockmart) |
FL (Rockmart) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1744 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
40 |
Until age 16 |
NC (Whiteville) |
NC (Whiteville) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
54 |
Do you think Rosa might will be there? |
might |
will |
|
Female |
White |
50s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to group |
Spoken |
2.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
812 |
I useta could, but I can’t any more. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
15 |
9th grade |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Selma) |
early 1970s |
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
2016 |
We would have might maybe made it. |
would have |
might |
maybe |
Female |
White |
72 |
College graduate |
AL (Evergreen) |
TN (Nashville) |
1991 |
Mother to son. |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1593 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
88 |
Until age 15 |
VA (Callao) |
VA (Callao) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
402 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
81 |
4th grade |
FL (Sopchoppy) |
FL (Sopchoppy) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2104 |
might couldn't |
might |
couldn't |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAGS |
496 |
I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
38 |
College (1 year and some business college) |
LA (Monroe) |
LA (Monroe) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
750 |
But you might could catch ’em home one night. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
8th grade |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1776 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
80 |
Illiterate |
NC (Reidsville) |
NC (Reidsville) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
1441 |
We might could make it if we hurry. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
29 |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
TN (Sneedville) |
TN (Johnson City) |
2010 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Elicited |
|
Elsman |
827 |
I might could recruit some people from Aiken too. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1873 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
Limited, local |
SC (Lykesland) |
SC (Lykesland) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
435 |
You might could get up here and help me.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
73 |
7th grade |
TN (Big Creek) |
TN (Big Creek) |
1971 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1715 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
74 |
6 months total |
NC (Arba) |
NC (Arba) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
23 |
I don't think I failed, but I think I might coulda done a lot better. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to female |
Spoken |
1.8 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1030 |
I used to couldn't eat enough and now I just eat because I feel hungry. |
used to |
couldn't |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Television |
1997 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.8 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
529 |
I might could tell you.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
5th-6th grade |
FL (Shady Grove) |
FL (Shady Grove) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
1297 |
Could you might come over here for a minute?
|
could |
might |
|
Female |
White |
25 |
Unknown |
TX (Unknown) |
TX (College Station) |
|
|
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
783 |
I might would. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
70s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (West Anniston) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
277 |
I might can get the work finished.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
Black |
78 |
10th grade |
GA (Jackson) |
GA (Jackson) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2268 |
|
might |
not |
can |
Female |
Black |
50 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
NJ |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1651 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
48 |
Private; to high school |
VA (Younger Store Community) |
VA (Younger Store Community) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
719 |
They used to would stack it.
|
used to |
would |
|
Female |
White |
76 |
6th grade |
TN (Rocky River) |
TN (Spencer) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
55 |
Could we might possibly just cancel Christmas this year? |
could |
might |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to male (family) |
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
561 |
I guess you might would say that.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
38 |
High school and 1 term trade school |
LA (Bayou Sorrel) |
LA (Bayou Sorrel) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
813 |
I useta wouldn’t stay at home when ...
|
used to |
would |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
Unknown |
AL (Cleburn) |
AL (Native of Cleburn, Ranolph Counties, but 30 years in Anniston) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
2017 |
You might maybe could have made it. |
might |
maybe |
could |
Female |
White |
72 |
College graduate |
AL (Evergreen) |
TN (Nashville) |
1991 |
Mother to son. |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1594 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
57 |
Until age 17 |
VA (Remo) |
VA (Remo) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
403 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
20 |
College (Student at Emory University at time of interview) |
FL (Ft. Myers) |
FL (Ft. Myers) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1353 |
We might oughta leave that out. People around here are sensitive about racial issues. |
might |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Henderson) |
TX (Henderson,) |
1979 |
reporter to woman |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2105 |
might wouldn't |
might |
wouldn't |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1683 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
66+ |
None |
NC (Fruitville) |
NC (Fruitville) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Feagin |
751 |
She might could be, help you out with something else. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
8th grade |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
246 |
May can
|
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
88 |
6th grade |
FL (Pineway) |
FL (Laurel Hill) |
1973 |
female to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2236 |
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
GA |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1442 |
We might could shorten the sleeves, if you want. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
85 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Sneedville) |
TN (Sneedville) |
2010 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Elicited |
|
Elsman |
828 |
If I had this when I was younger, I might would be hooked. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
co-worker to co-worker |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
339 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
34 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TN (Crossroads) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
593 |
I might would say it in that sense.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
22 |
College (Graduate, B.S. degree) |
TN (Morristown) |
TN (Morristown) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1874 |
may can |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
Limited, local |
SC (Lykesland) |
SC (Lykesland) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Boertien |
2137 |
might not could |
might not |
could |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
DiPaolo |
1384 |
Well, anyway, gosh. I might can do it, but, yeah. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
|
woman to woman |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
24 |
We may can work something out. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
50s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
aunt to niece |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
784 |
My sick folks might would be better. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
70s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (West Anniston) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2269 |
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
50 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
KY |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1810 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
53 |
11th grade |
NC (Boiling Springs) |
NC (Boiling Springs) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
120 |
I got some, but I might should buy a little bit more. |
might |
should |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
daughter to mother |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
372 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
42 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Nacogdoches) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
468 |
Might could help you.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
49 |
High school |
AL (Mexboro) |
AL (Mexboro) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1746 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
43 |
Until age 18 |
NC (Barker Ten Mile) |
NC (Barker Ten Mile) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Feagin |
814 |
She useta wouldn’t take more’n a spoonful of anything. |
used to |
wouldn't |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Gadsden) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
310 |
She might can tell you.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
80 |
8th grade plus business course |
TX (Noonday) |
TX (Marshall) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
404 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
44 |
High school equivalent |
AL (Dothan) |
AL (Dothan) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1937 |
might would |
might |
would |
|
Female |
Black |
60 |
8 years |
GA (Metter) |
GA (Metter) |
1972 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Boertien |
2107 |
might hadn't ought |
might |
hadn't |
ought |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1684 |
might can |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
66+ |
None |
NC (Fruitville) |
NC (Fruitville) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Feagin |
752 |
Y’all might could talk to her about it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
8th grade |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
829 |
That would be another one that might could come into question. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
employee to coworkers and supervisors |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
594 |
They might would say it.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
57 |
8th grade |
FL (Bardin) |
FL (Bardin) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1620 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
73 |
15 months |
VA (Dewitt) |
VA (Dewitt) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Skipper |
183 |
Would he might ask us about the history? |
Would |
might |
|
Male |
White |
21 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
437 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
74 |
Little (illiterate) |
MS (Sherard) |
MS (Sherard) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1970 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
77 |
Local schools |
GA (Elberton) |
GA (Elberton) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1385 |
They've got two hurdles they've got to hop. One is they've got to, to uh get by the city. Second they gotta get by the federal government on their allocation. They might not can get... |
might not |
can |
|
Male |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin, television) |
1979 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1717 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
66 |
Little or none |
NC (Emmaus Church) |
NC (Emmaus Church) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
COCA |
1032 |
We have had some success in broadening our economic perspective to- with NAFTA and the GATT agreement and selling more of our products that we used to couldn't sell.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
47 |
Graduate school (Law degree) |
AR (Hope) |
Radio |
1993 |
elected official to constituency |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1474 |
We might should move it to another weekend in February. What do you think? |
might |
should |
|
Male |
White |
29 |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
SC (Florence) |
SC (Columbia) |
2011 |
friend to friend |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2270 |
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
KY |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1811 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
84 |
None |
NC (Rock Creek) |
NC (Rock Creek) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1566 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
83 |
None |
MD (Three Notch Road, Ridge) |
MD (Three Notch Road, Ridge) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
121 |
Chuck needs to be fed and he may will need some water.
|
may |
will |
|
Male |
Unknown |
80s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
grandfather to grandson |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
373 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
53 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Tyler) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
627 |
You used to could shop in a log in a what?
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70 |
7th grade |
TX (Mill Creek) |
TX (Wiergate) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1906 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
84 |
College graduate |
SC (Mountville) |
SC (Mountville) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
2076 |
[I/My truck] might can get about seventeen miles per gallon. |
might |
can |
|
Male |
White |
30 |
Graduate School (Master's degree) |
SC (Florence) |
SC (Columbia) |
2013 |
friend to friends |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
721 |
Used to would.
|
used to |
would |
|
Male |
White |
42 |
High school |
TN (Nashville) |
TN (Nashville) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1016 |
And anything that you see that might would help the police, call and let it be known. |
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
SC (Union) |
Television |
1994 |
man during press conference |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1747 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
89 |
no information |
NC (Conway P.O.) |
NC (Conway P.O.) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
1484 |
You know, the city might would take that tree down for you. |
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
50s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Columbia) |
2010 |
neighbor to neighbor |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1502 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
78 |
Until age 15 |
NJ (Perth Amboy) |
NJ (Perth Amboy) |
1941 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
563 |
I might would call her.
|
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
54 |
12th grade |
AL (Tallassee) |
AL (Tallassee) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
311 |
You might can help.
|
might |
can |
|
Male |
Black |
15 |
9th grade (Student at time of interview) |
TX (Houston) |
TX (Houston) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1843 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
50 |
no information |
SC (Moncks Corner) |
SC (Moncks Corner) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Butters |
1204 |
Bob Cushaw [of Andrews NC] says he would like his wife to quit her babysitting job. “If you come back here in one year, I may can say I now own this or I now own that, but I’ll talk to you just as I... |
may |
can |
|
Male |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |