|
Boertien |
2122 |
might couldn't |
might |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1699 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
41 |
Until age 13 or 14 |
NC (Holly Springs) |
NC (Holly Springs) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
25 |
I might shouldn't worry about it, but I do. |
might |
shouldn't |
|
Female |
White |
50s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
aunt to niece |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
531 |
I might could think up some.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
75 |
8th grade |
MS (Lauderdale) |
MS (Lockhart) |
1972 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
785 |
I thought you might would like that letter. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
60s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
279 |
I might can.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
9th grade |
GA (Twin City) |
GA (Swainsboro) |
1972 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2252 |
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
40 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
MI |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1793 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
86 |
Illiterate |
NC (Mint Hill) |
NC (Mint Hill) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
1458 |
We may not can do that. We can't be at every single thing. |
may not |
can |
|
Female |
White |
29 |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
TN (Seymour) |
SC (Columbia) |
2011 |
wife to husband |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1548 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
53 |
Until age 17 |
MD (Preston) |
MD (Preston) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Elsman |
862 |
You might can use it ... |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
2007 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
373 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
53 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Tyler) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
627 |
You used to could shop in a log in a what?
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70 |
7th grade |
TX (Mill Creek) |
TX (Wiergate) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1635 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
Private teacher |
VA (Mt. Tabor) |
VA (Mt. Tabor) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
721 |
Used to would.
|
used to |
would |
|
Male |
White |
42 |
High school |
TN (Nashville) |
TN (Nashville) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
215 |
We might can leave Dalai in Nashville.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
College (Graduate) |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1016 |
And anything that you see that might would help the police, call and let it be known. |
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
SC (Union) |
Television |
1994 |
man during press conference |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
469 |
Might could help you.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
68 |
1st grade |
MS (Redwood) |
MS (Redwood) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2152 |
should SUBJECT ought might |
should |
ought |
might |
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1729 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
75 |
no information |
NC (Whiskey Creek) |
NC (Whiskey Creek) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1984 |
may can |
may |
can |
|
Male |
White |
85 |
Very little |
GA (Lonesome Cove) |
GA (Lonesome Cove) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Brandstetter |
1186 |
You might not should do that. |
might not |
should |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
TN (Unknown) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
57 |
Do you think there is a chance Wallace may can come? |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
50s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
aunt to neice |
Spoken |
1.5 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
563 |
I might would call her.
|
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
54 |
12th grade |
AL (Tallassee) |
AL (Tallassee) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1578 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
Until age 14 |
VA (Madison) |
VA (Madison) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
2284 |
Well, we might could have stopped them. Yeah, we might could have, but who knows |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70s |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Johnson City) |
SC (Columbia) |
2013 |
coach to reporter |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1825 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
55 |
4th grade |
SC (Manning) |
SC (Manning) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
COCA |
1100 |
Things ain't real hot right now. Rex, there though, (nodding toward a half-naked man burrowed under an 83 Buick) is about to relocate in about a week to San Angelo. I might could use a man when... |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Film |
1990 |
man to man |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
657 |
I used to could spell.
|
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
82 |
High school and commercial college |
TX (Austin) |
TX (Austin) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Skipper |
153 |
You might can pull some strings for me. |
might |
can |
|
Male |
White |
21 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
405 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
76 |
4th grade |
FL (Pensacola) |
FL (Pensacola) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1920 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
80 |
Until age 12 or 13 |
GA (Flemington) |
GA (Flemington) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1337 |
You might should call me, because I officiate basketball. |
might |
should |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Henderson) |
TX (Austin, on phone) |
1979 |
man to woman |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2090 |
John might, I think, have oughta. |
might have |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1667 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
55 |
Until age 16 |
VA (Nellysford) |
VA (Nellysford) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Coleman |
1131 |
Mrs. Jones might’ve could’a told you. |
might've |
could |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAGS |
499 |
I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
46 |
12th grade |
LA (Harrisonburg) |
LA (Harrisonburg) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
753 |
Thelma Chapin might could, now.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1762 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
65 |
Illiterate |
NC (Wise) |
NC (Wise) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
1499 |
I think you might should do that this way. |
might |
should |
|
Male |
White |
28 |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
TN (Sneedville) |
SC (Columbia) |
2010 |
tutor to student |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1517 |
maybe could |
maybe |
could |
|
Male |
White |
80 |
Until age 14 |
PA (Holt's Hollow, Johnson's Run/Milesburg) |
PA (Holt's Hollow, Johnson's Run/Milesburg) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Elsman |
831 |
That's why I thought we might should get together. |
might |
should |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
employee to coworkers and supervisorsdepen |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
90 |
We waited as long as we could, cause we thought he may did want to go with us. |
may |
did |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
daughter to mother |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
342 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
51 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
AL (Prattville) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
2035 |
You might can go up to his room. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
65 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Crossville) |
TN (Crossville) |
2013 |
woman to family |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1858 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
76 |
7th grade |
SC (Hampton) |
SC (Hampton) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Boertien |
1275 |
I may not can. |
may not |
can |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Skipper |
184 |
We would might run maybe ten hams a week. |
would |
might |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
elected official to TV cameras |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1953 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
71 |
Local schools |
GA (Kibbee) |
GA (Kibbee) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Boertien |
2123 |
might couldn't |
might |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1700 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
71 |
Very little |
NC (Alligator Township) |
NC (Alligator Township) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
26 |
You might ought to have the oil changed. |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
brother to sister |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
532 |
Things that somebody might could use now.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
93 |
College (1 year) |
GA (Fayetteville) |
GA (Fayetteville) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
786 |
And I thought I might better tell you. |
might |
better |
|
Female |
White |
60s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
280 |
I might can.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
76 |
6th grade |
GA (Eldorendo) |
GA (Newton) |
1970 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2253 |
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TN |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1794 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
81 |
18 days |
NC (Danbury) |
NC (Danbury) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
1459 |
They may could get back to us tomorrow. |
may |
could |
|
Female |
White |
29 |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
TN (Sneedville) |
TN (Johnson City) |
2010 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1549 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
69 |
Very little |
MD (Tilghman Island) |
MD (Tilghman Island) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Elsman |
863 |
I might could handle it better now |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
2007 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
122 |
If we can save some today and I can afford to take off, we might can plan to have another baby soon. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to friend (f) |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
374 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
27 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Texarkana) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1044 |
If nothing else, he thought, there was someone in the deeds office that he might could get to lose the papers and snarl up the transaction with red tape for a few weeks. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
Fictional Novel |
2008 |
narrator |
Written |
1.6 |
|
|
DiPaolo |
1308 |
They might could; I'm not sure. But they might could. My father (would could) tell you some stories |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Unknown) |
TX (Austin) |
|
woman to woman |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
216 |
If it is that close, you might ought to reconsider the issue.
|
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
50s |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
TX (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1017 |
Would you might not be seen as good as you once were? |
would |
might not |
|
Male |
White |
48 |
College (Graduate) |
MD (Aberdeen) |
Radio |
2008 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
State News |
2189 |
Sounds like the cart got before the horse, and we have a use of the property that may not should be there |
may not |
should |
|
Male |
White |
58 |
College (Bachelor's degree) |
SC (Columbia) |
SC (Columbia) |
2014 |
civil servant to reporter |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1730 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
55+ |
no information |
NC (Wilmington) |
NC (Wilmington) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1985 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
91 |
4-5 month session |
GA (Germany) |
GA (Germany) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
58 |
Could you might turn that thing down? |
could |
might |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
mother to daughter |
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
564 |
Might would call it.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
63 |
High school |
GA (Sardis) |
GA (Hartwell) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1001 |
We've heard a little from military officials suggesting that some of the Iraqi civilians may could have been -- or, possibly could have been involved in this attack. |
may |
could |
|
Female |
White |
36 |
College |
MN (Unknown) |
Television |
2003 |
broadcaster to reporter |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1579 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
71 |
None |
VA (Bell's Crossroads) |
VA (Bell's Crossroads) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
2285 |
Well, we might could have stopped them. Yeah, we might could have, but who knows |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70s |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Johnson City) |
SC (Columbia) |
2013 |
coach to reporter |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1826 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
81 |
Local schools |
SC (Manning) |
SC (Manning) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
658 |
Used to could.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
White |
90 |
3rd grade |
GA (Whitfield County) |
GA (Dalton) |
1972 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Skipper |
154 |
Who else is there who might would know? |
might |
would |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College (Some) |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
2.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
406 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
75 |
Little |
TN (Dyersburg) |
TN (Dyersburg) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1338 |
Do you all have a light fixture that might would fit into (this thing)? |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
TX (Henderson) |
TX (Henderson) |
1979 |
woman to clerk |
Spoken |
2.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2091 |
I think that we should have ought've done that yesterday. |
should have |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.4 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1668 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
83 |
1 year |
VA (Battery Creek) |
VA (Battery Creek) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
500 |
I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
36 |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
LA (Lake Charles) |
LA (Lake Charles) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
754 |
You think you might could drop off and take a rest for about an hour? |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
50s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
|
|
Spoken |
2.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
240 |
The lighted bus appeared on top of the next hill and as it approached, they moved out into the street to meet it. He put his hand under her elbow and hoisted her up on the creaking step. She entered... |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
woman to unknown |
Written |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1763 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
52 |
Until age 20 plus 18 months |
NC (Marmaduke) |
NC (Marmaduke) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
1472 |
I might ought to work out tomorrow night. It'll help work some of this soreness out. |
might |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
30 |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
TN (Seymour) |
SC (Columbia) |
2011 |
wife to husband |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1518 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
79 |
Until age 18 |
PA (Nossville) |
PA (Nossville) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Elsman |
832 |
... what the general public might would find acceptable. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
co-worker to co-worker |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
91 |
He might could do it, maybe, but I'm not sure. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
daughter to mother |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
343 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
27 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
AL (Montgomery) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
2036 |
We may can use the smaller oven. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
65 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Crossville) |
TN (Crossville) |
2013 |
woman to family |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1608 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
86 |
Illiterate |
VA (Discund) |
VA (Discund) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1859 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
68 |
Into 5th reader |
SC (Hampton) |
SC (Hampton) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Boertien |
1276 |
I may cannot. |
may |
cannot |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAGS |
691 |
Better than he used to could.
|
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
77 |
8th grade |
AR (Hearn) |
AR (Hearn) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1954 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
72 |
8th grade |
GA (Uvalda) |
GA (Uvalda) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1369 |
I might can. See me Thursday. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Graduate |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1980 |
friend to friend |
Written |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2124 |
might shouldn't |
might |
shouldn't |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1701 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
60 |
Educated in Alligator |
NC (Alligator Township) |
NC (Alligator Township) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
27 |
I may can do it on my way in tomorrow. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
sister to brother/ direct response to no. 26 |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |