|
Fennell |
2012 |
We will might do that. |
will |
might |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
1992 |
Unknown |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1589 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
80+ |
Illiterate |
VA (George Walker's Place) |
VA (George Walker's Place) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Scotland |
962 |
He’ll be grander than ever now–he’ll no can hold down his head down to sneeze. |
will no |
can |
|
Male |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
LAMSAS |
1836 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
85 |
Taught at home |
SC (Georgetown) |
SC (Georgetown) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
90 |
We waited as long as we could, cause we thought he may did want to go with us. |
may |
did |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
daughter to mother |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
342 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
51 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
AL (Prattville) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Mashburn |
1253 |
He may will see you today. |
may |
will |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
596 |
What we might would say.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
Black |
40 |
7th grade |
GA (Sumter County) |
GA (Koinonia) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
740 |
.. to find a doctor that might can do something. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
acquaintance |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1931 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
87 |
On and off for 4 years |
GA (Folkston) |
GA (Folkston) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1348 |
It needs a tune-up, but you might oughta get) [one]. |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin, on phone) |
1980 |
man to man |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
817 |
Yeah, she might could achieve some of those things ... she could, and she may ... |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
co-worker to co-worker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1678 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
51 |
Until age 14 |
VA (Independence) |
VA (Independence) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Skipper |
184 |
We would might run maybe ten hams a week. |
would |
might |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
elected official to TV cameras |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1055 |
Might could be. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Fictional Story |
2004 |
friend to friend |
Written |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
438 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
91 |
None (literate) |
LA (Tensas Par) |
LA (Cooters Point) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1772 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
44 |
Until age 18 |
NC (Harpers Crossroads) |
NC (Harpers Crossroads) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
26 |
You might ought to have the oil changed. |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
brother to sister |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1075 |
" Might could be out' er, " she said. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Fictional Story |
1995 |
woman to man |
Written |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1437 |
You might could still keep the cuff and have French cuffs. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1979 |
clerk to woman |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
532 |
Things that somebody might could use now.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
93 |
College (1 year) |
GA (Fayetteville) |
GA (Fayetteville) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
676 |
You used to could.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
White |
15 |
9th grade |
TX (Houston) |
TX (Houston) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1527 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
36 |
Until age 16 |
PA (Mount Hope) |
PA (Mount Hope) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
280 |
I might can.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
76 |
6th grade |
GA (Eldorendo) |
GA (Newton) |
1970 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1039 |
I might would consider it. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
37 |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Abbeville) |
SC (Columbia) |
2012 |
woman to woman |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1615 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
84 |
no information |
VA (Dalbys) |
VA (Dalbys) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
England |
995 |
I ewsed to could rip along as well as ony man, but I can’t noo. |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Lincolnshire) |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
LAMSAS |
1869 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
64 |
5th grade |
SC (Palmetto) |
SC (Palmetto) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
122 |
If we can save some today and I can afford to take off, we might can plan to have another baby soon. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to friend (f) |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
374 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
27 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Texarkana) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
1286 |
Mightn’t we oughta do that? |
mightn't |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAGS |
628 |
You could buy flour, used to could.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
52 |
Some school; barely literate |
MS (Pulaski) |
MS (Pulaski) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
772 |
He might could get her. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Gadsden) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1963 |
might can |
might |
can |
|
Male |
White |
64 |
Illiterate |
GA (Milledgeville) |
GA (Milledgeville) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1378 |
Take along the list of people and (name) might can show you where those people live. |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1979 |
friend to friend |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
Hasty |
2133 |
So you're kind of thinking about that, that might be something that might would help you? |
might |
would |
|
|
|
|
Doctoral degree |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Physician to patient |
|
2.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
849 |
I think it may would be a good idea. |
may |
would |
|
Male |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
2007 |
employee to supervisor and subordinates |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1710 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
77 |
Very little |
NC (Cahoque) |
NC (Cahoque) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Montgomery |
216 |
If it is that close, you might ought to reconsider the issue.
|
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
50s |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
TX (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
Scotland |
1165 |
He might can have done it. |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
470 |
Might could help you.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
33 |
Graduate school (Doctoral student at time of interview) |
MS (Red Creek) |
MS (Red Creek) |
Unknown |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1467 |
We may can park over there, so we won't have to walk so far. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Farragut) |
TN (Seymour) |
2011 |
woman to family |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1804 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
52 |
Educated in Wilkesboro |
NC (Wilkesboro) |
NC (Wilkesboro) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
58 |
Could you might turn that thing down? |
could |
might |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
mother to daughter |
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Harris |
1233 |
You might could try Don’s Hobbies down on Park [Avenue]. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
TN (Memphis) |
|
Memphis store clerk to a first-time customer from Atlanta. |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
564 |
Might would call it.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
63 |
High school |
GA (Sardis) |
GA (Hartwell) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
708 |
They first used to would brace it thisaway.
|
used to |
would |
|
Male |
Black |
81 |
4th grade |
GA (Bellville) |
GA (Bellville) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1559 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
39 |
Until age 17 |
MD (Yellow Springs) |
MD (Yellow Springs) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Scotland |
945 |
He willnae can come. |
willnae |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
312 |
You might can find [it].
|
might |
can |
|
Male |
Black |
51 |
7th grade |
TX (Schulenburg) |
TX (San Antonio) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1899 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
80 |
Until age 18 |
SC (Lancaster) |
SC (Lancaster) |
1967 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1900 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
73 |
Business college |
SC (Reidville) |
SC (Reidville) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Reed |
2070 |
We might should use the dongle. |
might |
should |
|
Female |
White |
24 |
Graduate School (Some) |
VA (Charlottesville) |
SC (Columbia) |
2013 |
friend to group |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1647 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
66 |
None but literate |
VA (Chatham P.O.) |
VA (Chatham P.O.) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Coleman |
1116 |
He may should be getting ready to go instead of fooling around. |
may |
should |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Skipper |
155 |
He might can help you with that.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
44 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
407 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
18 |
High school student with plans for college |
LA (New Orleans) |
LA (New Orleans) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1319 |
Someone was seeking Elijah out so that he might could heal his leprosy |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Seminary |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1982 |
priest to congregation |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
805 |
[Can you do it?:] I useta could, but I can’t no more. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
69 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Sand Mountain) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1741 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
47 |
Until age 19 |
NC (Elizabethtown) |
NC (Elizabethtown) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
W&C |
1196 |
I used to couldn’t count ’til I, ’til I got me some work up here. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
WV (Unknown) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1425 |
You might have oughta added some more salt. |
might have |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
12 |
Elementary School |
TX (Henderson) |
TX (Henderson,) |
|
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAGS |
501 |
I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
42 |
College |
TX (Burkeville) |
TX (Wiergate) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1412 |
The Mexican might supposed to put air in the cotton trailer tires somewhere else, or at least the Mexican's boss thinks so. But the Mexican doesn't follow instructions, so you can't... |
might |
supposed to |
|
Unknown |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Unknown) |
1979 |
person to group |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Ginns |
882 |
Now, they was all translated in the book from the way they told ’em. The way they told ’em, they was too rough to put down. Gosh They was rough Rough words in ’em. My grandfather told him some he... |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
c60 |
Grade School |
NC (Watauga County) |
|
1982 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
249 |
I may can help you |
may |
can |
|
Male |
Black |
77 |
4th grade |
MS (Warren Co.) |
MS (Edwards) |
1972 |
male to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
2013 |
If I had copied out a passage, I might would have been able to show you a thing or two. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
Doctoral degree |
MS (Unknown) |
TN (Memphis) |
1994 |
Friend |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1590 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
73 |
"slight" |
VA (Smith Mount Farm, Horners Mill) |
VA (Smith Mount Farm, Horners Mill) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Scotland |
963 |
I’ll no can bide lang. |
will no |
can |
|
Male |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Perthshire) |
1887 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
LAMSAS |
1837 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
50 |
College graduate |
SC (Georgetown) |
SC (Georgetown) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
91 |
He might could do it, maybe, but I'm not sure. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
daughter to mother |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
343 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
27 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
AL (Montgomery) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Mashburn |
1254 |
He may would see you today.
|
may |
would |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
597 |
You might would say.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
Black |
72 |
9th grade (Some) |
AL (Selma) |
AL (Selma) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
741 |
We might not can come. |
might not |
can |
|
Female |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
acquaintance |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1932 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
86 |
Country school |
GA (Screven) |
GA (Screven) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1349 |
Well, you might oughta call the police in Taylor and tell them what happened. |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Rockdale) |
TX (Rockdale) |
|
man to woman (on phone) |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2102 |
shouldn't SUBJECT ought |
shouldn't |
ought |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
Elsman |
818 |
Do you know where I might would find stuff like that?
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
co-worker to c |
Spoken |
2.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1679 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
63 |
None |
VA (Dorton's School) |
VA (Dorton's School) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Skipper |
185 |
We may can encourage them to help, but… |
may |
can |
|
Male |
Other |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Chief of Catawba Indians to unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Dumas |
1137 |
We may can improve it. |
may |
can |
|
Male |
White |
52 |
Unknown |
AR (Unknown) |
AR (Unknown) |
1986 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
439 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
19 |
High school |
TN (Nashville) |
TN (Nashville) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1773 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
80 |
Illiterate |
NC (Hurdle Mills) |
NC (Hurdle Mills) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
27 |
I may can do it on my way in tomorrow. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
sister to brother/ direct response to no. 26 |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Jamaica |
1214 |
mait(a) hafi “may/might must” |
might |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1438 |
You might could keep the cuffs. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1979 |
clerk to woman |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
533 |
Well, you might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
73 |
College (Some) |
TX (Huntsville) |
TX (Huntsville) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
677 |
I used to could do it.
|
used to |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
74 |
College (3 years) |
TN (Chattanooga) |
TN (Chattanooga) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1528 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70 |
Very little; until age 10 |
PA (Hunterstown) |
PA (Hunterstown) |
1940 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
281 |
I might can get to it.
|
might |
can |
|
Male |
White |
76 |
8th grade |
LA (Negreet) |
LA (Many) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1035 |
Call me or text me & we can find a time to go over this application if you need. I may can help you go quicker. Just let me know. |
may |
can |
|
Male |
White |
60 |
College (Graduate) |
Unknown |
MS (Jackson) |
2012 |
man to client |
Written |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1616 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
75 |
3 sessions |
VA (Deep Run Church) |
VA (Deep Run Church) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
England |
996 |
I ewsed to couldn’t reād a line e’ th’ book.
|
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Lincolnshire) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAMSAS |
1870 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
84 |
Not much |
SC (Sumter) |
SC (Sumter) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
139 |
We might could've overlooked something. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
mechanic to customer |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
375 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
58 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Chicota) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
1287 |
I shouldn’t oughta do that, should I? |
shouldn't |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.8 |
Elicited |
|
LAGS |
629 |
Used to could buy it.
|
used to |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
61 |
8th grade |
AR (Little Rock) |
AR (Little Rock) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
773 |
He might could bring her. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Gadsden) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |