|
Feagin |
805 |
[Can you do it?:] I useta could, but I can’t no more. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
69 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Sand Mountain) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
W&C |
1196 |
I used to couldn’t count ’til I, ’til I got me some work up here. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
WV (Unknown) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Ginns |
882 |
Now, they was all translated in the book from the way they told ’em. The way they told ’em, they was too rough to put down. Gosh They was rough Rough words in ’em. My grandfather told him some he... |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
c60 |
Grade School |
NC (Watauga County) |
|
1982 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
964 |
Ye’ll no can work. |
will no |
can |
|
Male |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Fife) |
1894 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Mashburn |
1255 |
He might should see you today.
|
might |
should |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
England |
2058 |
Lete me have knowlache of ʒour mynde ... whan ʒe shall moun be in this cuntre.
|
shall |
moun |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England |
1481 |
|
Written |
3.0 |
|
|
Jamaica |
1215 |
mait(a) kyan “may/might can” |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland |
915 |
He might be to go tomorrow.
|
might |
be to |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
England |
997 |
I used to could do it as well as any one, one while.
|
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Lincolnshire) |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
Boertien |
1288 |
He must wouldn’t steal, would he? |
must |
wouldn't |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.8 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
774 |
Might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
851 |
I think probably the only thing we may would have would be napkins. |
may |
would |
|
Female |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
2007 |
|
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
England |
1167 |
[Q: They wouldn’t break any of your windows or anything?] A: Oh no! They’re double glazed. They wouldn’t could.
|
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2091 |
I think that we should have ought've done that yesterday. |
should have |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.4 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
947 |
Will he no can come? |
will no |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
Coleman |
1117 |
I may should do that. |
may |
should |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
806 |
Didn’t you tell me you useta could see, once in a while, a Indian go through the mountain? |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
77 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
1972 |
|
Spoken |
2.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
W&C |
1197 |
I might could make up one, but I don’t know. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
11 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
WV (Unknown) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
Scotland |
965 |
Baith you and her will can spare some o’ the cost. |
will |
can |
|
Male |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Ayrshire) |
1822 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Mashburn |
1256 |
He might ought to see you today.
|
might |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Dumas |
1138 |
We may can do it better. |
may |
can |
|
Male |
White |
52 |
Unknown |
AR (Unknown) |
AR (Unknown) |
1987 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
|
|
England |
2059 |
As longe that I shall maye bere armes (OED).
|
shall |
maye |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England |
c1489 |
|
Written |
|
|
|
Scotland |
916 |
You’ll have to can do it.
|
will |
have to |
can |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
England |
998 |
I can’t run as I use to could. |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Warwickshire) |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
Boertien |
1289 |
I might could do that, couldn’t I? |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.8 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
775 |
She might could do that.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Gadsden) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
852 |
I mighta coulda done that. |
might have |
could |
|
Female |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
2007 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
England |
1168 |
I can’t play on Friday. I work late. I might could get it changed though. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Scotland |
948 |
He’ll can do it, will he no? |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Coleman |
1118 |
He may ought to go before too long. |
may |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
2018 |
I can’t do those things like I useta could. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Foxfire |
884 |
Let me see one more time. I might can do it.
|
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (northeast) |
|
1970 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2125 |
might can't |
might |
can't |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
966 |
He’ll can tell us. |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
1881 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Mashburn |
1257 |
He may should see you today. |
may |
should |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Dumas |
1139 |
You might oughtta take a look at that pie before you eat it. |
might |
ought to |
|
Female |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
AR (Huntsville) |
1987 |
|
|
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Jamaica |
1216 |
kuda hafi “could must” |
could |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland |
917 |
He might can do it, if he tried. |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
England |
999 |
I can’t do it now like I used to could. |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Oxfordshire) |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
Boertien |
1290 |
Might ought you to’ve done that? |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
776 |
If ... we might could abbreviate it. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
|
Unknown |
VA (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
853 |
... anything that looks like we might need it, we might better put aside ...
|
might |
better |
|
Female |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
2007 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
England |
1169 |
The girls usually make me some [toasted sandwiches], but they mustn’t could have made any today. |
must |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2093 |
I might should ought go, shouldn't I? |
might |
should |
ought to |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.8 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
949 |
He’ll can do it, can he no? |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
|
|
Coleman |
1119 |
He may ought to have gone. |
may |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
958 |
I useta could. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
60s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Butters |
1200 |
I don’t carry no lunch because I thought maybe, you know, they might would give me something to eat. |
might |
would |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Wilmington) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Maxfield |
885 |
I don’t think I will can go. |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
PN (southwestern) |
|
1931 |
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
Scotland |
967 |
We’ll ... aiblins no can rise our lane. |
will |
aiblins (=maybe) no |
can |
Male |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Roxburghshire) |
1808 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Mashburn |
1258 |
He may ought to see you today. |
may |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Jamaica |
1217 |
shuda hafi “should must” |
should |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland |
918 |
He might could do it, if he tried. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
Scotland |
1101 |
If we get a German doctor, not one of us will can speak to him. |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
Scotland (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
Boertien |
1291 |
shouldn’t SUBJECT ought |
shouldn't |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
777 |
Some of them might could have. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
854 |
We might could even stuff the catalogs in the bags?
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
2007 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
England |
1170 |
They had velvet curtains, and, oh, we would never could afford them. |
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2100 |
I might shouldn't oughta. |
might |
shouldn't |
ought to |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
950 |
He used to could do it, didn’t he? |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Coleman |
1120 |
John might could be working at his office today. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
807 |
I useta could hear him playin’ the organ. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
85 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Tuscaloosa) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Butters |
1201 |
I imagine that they will disbar him. But he told, he told Nixon about the thing, and what would–might would happen. |
might |
would |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
|
|
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Wentworth |
886 |
He’ll not kin go. |
will not |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
WV (eastern) |
1931 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
968 |
We’ll can agree fine |
will |
can |
|
Male |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
1886 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Mashburn |
1259 |
He ought to would see you.
|
ought to |
would |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Dumas |
1140 |
They may still could be all right UT fans. |
may |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
TN (Knoxville) |
1987 |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Jamaica |
1218 |
shuda kyan “should can” |
should |
can |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland |
919 |
He must could do it. |
must |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1102 |
Aiblins when auld Dick gees o’er the post The youth himself may can to rule the rost. |
may |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
Scotland (Unknown) |
1768 |
|
Written |
1.2 |
|
|
Boertien |
1292 |
You might ought to have done that, mightn’t you? |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.8 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
778 |
Francine Barber said that I might could get a ride with you |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
37 |
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
England |
1171 |
He wouldn’t could’ve worked, even if you had asked him. |
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
Boertien |
2094 |
In the past, an ocean voyage might could be very dangerous. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
951 |
He used to could do it, couldn’t he? |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Feagin |
808 |
I useta could go to Birmingham to shop. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
85 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Tuscaloosa) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Wentworth |
887 |
She’ll never kin catch a mouse now. (Said when a pet cat became crippled).
|
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
WV (eastern) |
1930s |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
969 |
I looked for your brither before this, but nae doot ye‘ll can tak’ a message tae him.
|
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Fife) |
1929 |
|
Written |
1.1 |
|
|
Mashburn |
1260 |
He ought to will see you.
|
ought to |
will |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Nagle |
1141 |
þat hie healfre geweald wið Eotena bearn agan moston. “That they might own an equal share with the sons of the Geats.” |
moston (=must, might) |
agan (=own, owe, ought to) |
|
Male |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Unknown) |
c1000 |
|
Written |
|
|
|
Scotland |
920 |
He must can do it. |
must |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1103 |
I’ll can go tomorrow. |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
Scotland (Unknown) |
1999 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
1293 |
I might had oughta, hadn’t I? |
might |
had |
ought to |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.8 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
779 |
There are so many things we might could do. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
38 |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
England |
1172 |
A good machine clipper would could do it in half a day. |
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2095 |
That I might could have done that yesterday surprised me. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
952 |
He has to can swim, doesn’t he? |
have to |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Coleman |
1121 |
They might ought to be stripping tobacco instead of just waiting. |
might |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
809 |
We useta could hear ’em when we lived up yonder, but since we moved up there, I haven’t heard ’em. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
85 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Tuscaloosa) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.8 |
Naturalistic |
|
Smiley |
888 |
wouldn't could |
wouldn't |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NY (New Paltz) |
1924 |
|
|
|
|
|
Boertien |
2129 |
might not ought |
might not |
ought |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
970 |
What I want to ken is, if I winna could hinder him that’s my fiancé frae dicin’ or drinkin’ ‘t awa’ ance he got me mairried to him? |
will |
could |
|
Male |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Argyll) |
1927 |
|
Written |
1.2 |
|
|
Mashburn |
1261 |
She used to could run the marathon.
|
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
GA (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Feagin |
748 |
My sister might could tell you somethin’ further bout that, cause she was oldest and she might have known somethin’ about it; but me, I don’t know anything about it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
|
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
Jamaica |
1219 |
wuda hafi “would must” |
would |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland |
921 |
He should can do it. |
should |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1104 |
I'll not can go tomorrow. |
will not |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
1294 |
It scared him that he might could’ve been killed yesterday. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.4 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
780 |
If ... she might would take a job.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Gadsden) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
857 |
If the items are gonna be released, they can't share, but if they aren't gonna be released, they might could. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
2007 |
|
Spoken |
1.8 |
Naturalistic |