|
Coleman |
1125 |
I might could have been studying instead of fooling around had I known you were coming. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.3 |
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2110 |
ought SUBJECT might had |
ought |
might |
had |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
975 |
I didn’t use tae could tak them at aa. |
did |
used to |
could |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Argyll) |
1931 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
916 |
You’ll have to can do it.
|
will |
have to |
can |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1146 |
She might can get away early. |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2138 |
might not should |
might not |
should |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Jamaica |
1222 |
mos(a) fi “must ought to” |
must |
fe (=for, ought to) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boertien |
1299 |
It scared him that he may could’ve been killed yesterday.
|
may |
could |
|
Female |
White |
20 |
Unknown |
TX (southeast) |
TX (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.4 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
948 |
He’ll can do it, will he no? |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Maxfield |
885 |
I don’t think I will can go. |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
PN (southwestern) |
|
1931 |
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
Coleman |
1126 |
He may should have been getting ready. |
may |
should |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2111 |
should SUBJECT might ought |
should |
might |
ought |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
917 |
He might can do it, if he tried. |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
Scotland |
1147 |
Will he can help us the morn? |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2139 |
might not can |
might not |
can |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
1300 |
Might you oughtn’t to have done that?
|
might |
oughtn't to |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
England |
1180 |
I’ll tell you who they could be. They might could be Luke Skywalker and Han Solo. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Newcastle) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2112 |
ought SUBJECT might should |
ought |
might |
should |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
England |
977 |
He wouldn’t could go. |
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Durham) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
918 |
He might could do it, if he tried. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
Scotland |
1148 |
They maybe could be working in the shop. |
maybe |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2140 |
mightn't ought |
mightn't |
ought |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Jamaica |
1223 |
mos(a) hafi “must must” |
must |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland |
950 |
He used to could do it, didn’t he? |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
951 |
He used to could do it, couldn’t he? |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Wentworth |
887 |
She’ll never kin catch a mouse now. (Said when a pet cat became crippled).
|
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
WV (eastern) |
1930s |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Coleman |
1127 |
I may ought to have been doing my homework. |
may |
ought to |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2107 |
might shouldn't ought |
might |
shouldn't |
ought |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
England |
978 |
Will he can go? |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Durham) |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
Cunningham |
1269 |
They may would do that for you. |
may |
would |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
919 |
He must could do it. |
must |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1149 |
You might would like to come with us. |
might |
would |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2141 |
shouldn't SUBJECT ought |
shouldn't |
ought |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.0 |
Elicited |
|
Jamaica |
1224 |
mos(a) kyan “may/might must” |
must |
can |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Smiley |
888 |
wouldn't could |
wouldn't |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NY (New Paltz) |
1924 |
|
|
|
|
|
Hern.&S |
2026 |
He should can go. |
should |
can |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
IL (Chicago) |
IL (Chicago) |
1970s |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Coleman |
1128 |
I may can plow the bottom if it doesn’t rain anymore. |
may |
can |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.3 |
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2113 |
might not ought |
might not |
ought |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
England |
979 |
They’ll not can get any food. |
will no |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Durham) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Cunningham |
1270 |
I probably may will go there tomorrow. |
may |
will |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
920 |
He must can do it. |
must |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1150 |
You might should claim your expenses. |
might |
should |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2142 |
might not ought |
might not |
ought |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
953 |
He’d like to can swim, wouldn’t he? |
would |
like to |
can |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2083 |
They all might oughta do that. |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Warner |
889 |
I might could play the piano. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
AR (southeast) |
1938 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Hern.&S |
2027 |
He may might must can sing. |
may |
might |
must can |
|
Black |
Unknown |
Doctoral student at Emory University at time of interview |
IL (Chicago) |
IL (Chicago) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Coleman |
1129 |
Mrs. Jones might would have told you about the old courthouse. |
might |
would |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2114 |
might not could |
might not |
could |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
England |
980 |
I haven’t could get across the doors. |
haven't |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Durham) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Cunningham |
1271 |
I probably may could get them in quicker.
|
may |
could |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
921 |
He should can do it. |
should |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1151 |
He might no could do it. |
might no |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2143 |
might not could |
might not |
could |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (U |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Jamaica |
1225 |
wuda mos hafi “would must must”
|
would |
must |
hafi (=have to, must) |
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland |
954 |
I dinae think he’ll dae it, but I suppose he might could. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
|
Boertien |
2084 |
They might all oughta do that. |
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Payne |
890 |
Go to see Mr. Smith. He might can tell you. |
might |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
AL (eastern) |
1909 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
2028 |
A'll noa can gawn dhu-moarn (I won't be able to go to-morrow). |
will no |
can |
|
|
White |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland |
Scotland |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2115 |
might not would |
might not |
would |
|
Male |
White |
2 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
England |
981 |
I doubt I’ll not can get. |
will not |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Durham) |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
Cunningham |
1272 |
He might be can do that. |
might be |
can |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
922 |
He should could do it. |
should |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1152 |
He maybe no could do it. |
maybe no |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2144 |
might not should |
might not |
should |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
955 |
I cannae dae it the now, but I would could next week. |
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
Boertien |
2085 |
Pledges might oughta all carry their pledge book with them at all times. |
might |
ought to` |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Taylor |
891 |
I mought ’a’ could if I’d ’a’ wanted to. |
mought have |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
MO (southwestern) |
1923 |
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
Scotland |
2029 |
Ivray wain in thu toon ull can say thawt (Every child in the village will be able to say that). |
will |
can |
|
|
White |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland |
Scotland |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Coleman |
1130 |
Mrs. Jones might’ve could told you. |
might have |
could |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2116 |
must not can |
must not |
can |
|
Male |
White |
20s |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
England |
982 |
I’ll can gang to-day. |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Cumberland) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Cunningham |
1273 |
He must have fuh do əm. |
must |
have fuh (=have to) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
923 |
He'll can do it. |
will |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1153 |
You have to can drive a car to get that job. |
have to |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2145 |
might not should ought |
might not |
should |
ought |
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Jamaica |
1226 |
wi mos hafi “will must must” |
will |
must |
hafi (=have to, must) |
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scotland |
956 |
He cannae dae it these days, but he used to could. |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
Boertien |
2086 |
John, I guess, may could do that. |
may |
could |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Coleman |
1131 |
Mrs. Jones might’ve could’a told you. |
might've |
could |
|
Unknown |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
1975 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2117 |
must not ought |
must not |
ought |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
England |
983 |
I can’t walk five mile I’ t’hahr nah, but ah used to could! |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (West Yorkshire) |
1892 |
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
Cunningham |
1274 |
He must have fa see something.
|
must |
have fuh (have to) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
924 |
He’ll maybe come the morn |
will |
maybe |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1154 |
He’s gonna can pass his driving test next week. |
be going to |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2146 |
mightn't ought |
mightn't |
ought |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2087 |
John might, I think, could do that. |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Johnson |
893 |
I used to could speak that jargon better than I could English and we had a i-dea that was to be the standard language here in Oregon.
|
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
OR (Unknown) |
1909 |
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
Boertien |
2118 |
must not would |
must not |
would |
|
Male |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Jamaica |
1209 |
A [=I] should can find some. |
should |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Caribbean (Jamaica) |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
England |
984 |
Aw used to could a done it. |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Chester) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
1275 |
I may not can. |
may not |
can |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Scotland |
925 |
He’ll might can come the morn. |
will |
might |
can |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
1155 |
Do they need to can do it? |
need to |
can |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
Boertien |
2147 |
mightn't shouldn't ought |
mightn't |
shouldn't |
ought |
Female |
White |
19 |
College Student |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1823 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
81 |
Very little |
SC(Burgess P.O.) |
SC (Burgess P.O.) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1619 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
55 |
Until age 17 |
VA (Midlothian) |
VA (Midlothian) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
487 |
I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
55 |
High school (Graduate) |
AL (Montevallo) |
AL (Montevallo) |
1970 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
541 |
Might ought to be able.
|
might |
ought to |
|
Male |
White |
27 |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
AL (Troy) |
AL (Troy) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2280 |
|
may |
will |
|
Female |
Other |
30 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
RI |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |