|
Cunningham |
1274 |
He must have fa see something.
|
must |
have fuh (have to) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Cunningham |
1273 |
He must have fuh do əm. |
must |
have fuh (=have to) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
976 |
“Aha!”, think A, “it’ll no hev cood gar ends meet this bittie back, nih, A’se warran!”
|
will no |
have |
could |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Argyll) |
1925 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Jamaica |
1214 |
mait(a) hafi “may/might must” |
might |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
England |
2048 |
Swa þatt menn sholldenn muɽhenn sen þurrh Goddspellbokess lare All hu þeɽɽ mihhtenn follɽenn rihht þatt stih. |
sholldenn |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England |
c1200 |
|
Written |
1.3 |
|
|
Jamaica |
1216 |
kuda hafi “could must” |
could |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jamaica |
1217 |
shuda hafi “should must” |
should |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jamaica |
1219 |
wuda hafi “would must” |
would |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jamaica |
1221 |
wi hafi “will must” |
will |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jamaica |
1223 |
mos(a) hafi “must must” |
must |
hafi (=have to, must) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boertien |
2107 |
might hadn't ought |
might |
hadn't |
ought |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
1293 |
I might had oughta, hadn’t I? |
might |
had |
ought to |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
2.8 |
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2099 |
might not had ought |
might not |
had |
ought |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Jamaica |
1222 |
mos(a) fi “must ought to” |
must |
fe (=for, ought to) |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Jamaica (Unknown) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Labov |
1108 |
That still might don’t help you. |
might |
don't |
|
Unknown |
Black |
|
Unknown |
NY (New York City) |
NY (New York City) |
|
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
206 |
That would account for why I may didn't know it then. |
may |
didn't |
|
Male |
White |
40 |
Graduate school (Doctoral degree) |
FL (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
SC State Administrator to unknown |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
82 |
There weren't no way to be sure. Could be he may didn't want to come.
|
may |
didn't |
|
Female |
White |
60s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Myrtle Beach) |
c1990 |
female to family |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
87 |
That must didn't hurt him cause he's still in the lead.
|
must |
didn't |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
NBC announcer to audience |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
83 |
You might did already do that. I don't know. |
might |
did |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to family |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
90 |
We waited as long as we could, cause we thought he may did want to go with us. |
may |
did |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
daughter to mother |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Nagle |
1142 |
Ælc cristen man hit sceall cunnan. “Each Christian man shall know it” |
sceall (=shall) |
cunnan (=could, ken, know) |
|
Male |
White |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Unknown) |
c1000 |
|
Written |
1.0 |
|
|
Hern.&S |
2020 |
He might have couldn't have stopped. |
might have |
couldn't |
|
Unknown |
Black |
c17 |
High school student |
IL (Chicago) |
IL (Chicago) |
1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
105 |
I can live with it. Some people may couldn't, but I can live with it. |
may |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
50s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
stranger to stranger |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
621 |
Used to couldn't get it up every morning.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
Black |
63 |
College (2 years) |
TX (Houston) |
TX (Houston) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
622 |
Used to couldn't.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
Black |
74 |
Some school; illiterate |
MS (Sherard) |
MS (Sherard) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
623 |
Used to couldn't slaughter them.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
76 |
8th grade |
TN (Wear Valley) |
TN (Wear Valley) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
624 |
You used to couldn't buy them.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
80 |
None |
FL (Bardin) |
FL (Bardin) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1029 |
"You used to couldn't talk to him about history," Napier says. |
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
54 |
Graduate school (Law degree) |
SC (Blenheim) |
Newspaper |
2001 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1030 |
I used to couldn't eat enough and now I just eat because I feel hungry. |
used to |
couldn't |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Television |
1997 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.8 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1328 |
I might just couldn't see it. |
might |
couldn't |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
COCA |
1032 |
We have had some success in broadening our economic perspective to- with NAFTA and the GATT agreement and selling more of our products that we used to couldn't sell.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
47 |
Graduate school (Law degree) |
AR (Hope) |
Radio |
1993 |
elected official to constituency |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2122 |
might couldn't |
might |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
Boertien |
2123 |
might couldn't |
might |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
20 |
College Student |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
DiPaolo |
1332 |
He might not couldn't refuse. |
might not |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Unknown) |
TX (Austin) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
313 |
Might couldn't.
|
might |
couldn't |
|
Female |
White |
62 |
5th grade |
GA (6 miles from Milledgeville) |
GA (Milledgeville) |
1970 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
314 |
I might couldn't.
|
might |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
76 |
10th grade |
LA (Mount Union) |
LA (Mount Union) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1433 |
So she might have couldn't, SO she might have couldn't drove that truck of yours |
might have |
couldn't |
|
Female |
White |
11 |
Elementary School |
TX (Lamesa) |
TX (Lamesa) |
1980 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
DiPaolo |
1423 |
I was afraid that you might couldn't find it. |
might |
couldn't |
|
Female |
White |
47 |
High School |
TX (Henderson) |
TX (Henderson,) |
1980 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
615 |
Used to couldn't buy it.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
89 |
High school |
GA (Springfield) |
GA (Springfield) |
1969 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
616 |
But you used to couldn't.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Female |
Black |
72 |
6th-7th grade |
LA (Sterlington) |
LA (Sterlington) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
617 |
Used to couldn't raise nothing on that soil. |
used to |
couldn't |
|
Female |
Black |
65 |
8th grade |
TN (Covington) |
TN (Covington) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2104 |
might couldn't |
might |
couldn't |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
|
Elicited |
|
LAGS |
618 |
I used to couldn't stand something like that.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Female |
Black |
63 |
High school |
TX (San Antonio) |
TX (San Antonio) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
619 |
Used to couldn't.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Male |
White |
95 |
8th grade |
MS (Pike County) |
MS (Holmesville) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
620 |
Used to couldn't.
|
used to |
couldn't |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
3rd grade |
TX (Fort Worth) |
TX (Fort Worth) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Scotland |
934 |
He might could no have done it. |
might |
could no |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Scotland |
942 |
He should could no have come. |
should |
could no |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
536 |
You might have could have helped.
|
might have |
could have |
|
Male |
Black |
74 |
Little (Illiterate) |
MS (Sherard) |
MS (Sherard) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1906 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
84 |
College graduate |
SC (Mountville) |
SC (Mountville) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
463 |
He might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
37 |
High school |
FL (Oxford) |
FL (Oxford) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
231 |
They might could have some over there. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1677 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Male |
White |
75 |
Very little |
VA (Chestnut Hill) |
VA (Chestnut Hill) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
COCA |
1054 |
one of my own sisters-in-law had suggested I might could find something suitable at the Makely store. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
Fictional Novel |
2005 |
omniscient narrator |
Written |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2206 |
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
GA |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
809 |
We useta could hear ’em when we lived up yonder, but since we moved up there, I haven’t heard ’em. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
85 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Tuscaloosa) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.8 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
327 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
84 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
GA (Surrency) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1771 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
84 |
Very little |
NC (Siler City) |
NC (Siler City) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1526 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
77 |
Until age 15 |
PA (Newburg) |
PA (Newburg) |
1940 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Scotland |
912 |
I would like to could swim.
|
would |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
399 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
68 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
GA (Rhine) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
653 |
A man used to could raise a family fairly well.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
White |
48 |
High school equivalent and 2 years trade school |
LA (Ville Platte) |
LA (Ville Platte) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1614 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
6 months total |
VA (Lee Mont) |
VA (Lee Mont) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
England |
994 |
I can’t work as I used to could. |
used to |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
England (Nottinghamshire) |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
LAMSAS |
1868 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
72 |
Country school |
SC (Hartsville) |
SC (Hartsville) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
493 |
I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
39 |
12th grade |
LA (Zachary) |
LA (Zachary) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
747 |
She might could tell you some’in.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
82 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
|
early 1970s |
acquaintance |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1938 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
54 |
High school (Some) |
GA (Stilson) |
GA (Stilson) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1709 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
40 |
Until age 18 |
NC (Merritt P.O.) |
NC (Merritt P.O.) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Scotland |
1164 |
He might could have done it. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
Scotland (Unknown) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
335 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
34 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
FL (Cedar Key) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2238 |
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
GA |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1803 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
74 |
Very little |
NC (Stony Fork P.O.) |
NC (Stony Fork P.O.) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1558 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
60 |
no information |
MD (Middletown) |
MD (Middletown) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Scotland |
944 |
He shouldnae could no have come. |
shouldnae |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
LAGS |
683 |
I used to could eat a green.
|
used to |
could |
|
Male |
Black |
73 |
2nd grade; illiterate |
AL (Butler County) |
AL (Greenville) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
431 |
You might could find one or two.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
77 |
10th grade |
LA (New Era) |
LA (New Era) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1645 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
College |
VA (Lynchburg)) |
VA (Lynchburg) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1317 |
I need a job travelling all over the world.. But uh haircutting, that might be. difficult. Cruise ships, I might could get a job on. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1979 |
woman to group (friends) |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
525 |
Someone that might could tell him. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
37 |
High school |
TN (Stewart) |
TN (Stewart) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
779 |
There are so many things we might could do. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
38 |
Unknown |
NC (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1970 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
77 |
Local schools |
GA (Elberton) |
GA (Elberton) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1739 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
57 |
no information |
NC (Hope Mills) |
NC (Hope Mills) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1410 |
They might could; I'm not sure. But they might could. My father would could tell you some stories but I'm not sure if he could tell you what you want to know. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Unknown) |
|
woman to woman |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
367 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
40 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
AR (Arkadelphia) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2270 |
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
70 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
KY |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1588 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
52 |
Until age 18 |
VA (Western View) |
VA (Western View) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1835 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
83 |
None |
SC (Georgetown) |
SC (Georgetown) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1907 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
63 |
150-200 days in country schools |
SC (Abbeville) |
SC (Abbeville) |
1941 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
464 |
Might could help.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
20 |
College (Junior at time of interview) |
TX (Edinburg) |
TX (Edinburg) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
817 |
Yeah, she might could achieve some of those things ... she could, and she may ... |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
co-worker to co-worker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1678 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
51 |
Until age 14 |
VA (Independence) |
VA (Independence) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
COCA |
1055 |
Might could be. |
might |
could |
|
Unknown |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Fictional Story |
2004 |
friend to friend |
Written |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
810 |
We useta could hear the trains. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
85 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Tuscaloosa) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1485 |
I might could touch the net, but... |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
26 |
College (Graduate) |
SC (Columbia SC) |
SC (Columbia) |
2010 |
friend to group |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
328 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
21 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
GA (Ocilla) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1772 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
44 |
Until age 18 |
NC (Harpers Crossroads) |
NC (Harpers Crossroads) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
COCA |
1075 |
" Might could be out' er, " she said. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Fictional Story |
1995 |
woman to man |
Written |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1527 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Male |
White |
36 |
Until age 16 |
PA (Mount Hope) |
PA (Mount Hope) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Scotland |
913 |
He might could have to go.
|
might |
could |
have to |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
Unknown |
Scotland (Hawick) |
Scotland (Hawick) |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
Montgomery |
2021 |
At the time I lookd at it, I thought I may could draw a distinction there. |
may |
could |
|
Male |
White |
27 |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
MS (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
1991 |
Student to professor |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |