Linguistic Articles
Anderson, Bridget, et al. 2014. "Needed Research on the Englishes of Appalachian English." Southern Journal of Linguistics 38: 1-31.
Hazen, Kirk. Publications of the West Virginia Dialect Project. Site link
Montgomery, Michael. 1989. “Exploring the Roots of Appalachian English.” English World-Wide 10: 227-78. Comprehensive essay discussing settlement history of the Appalachian region and the methodology necessary for establishing connections between its speech and sections of the British Isles; weighs evidence for representative grammatical features having a Scotch-Irish heritage.
Montgomery, Michael. 1997. “Making the Trans-Atlantic Link between Varieties of English: The Case of Plural Verbal -s.” Journal of English Linguistics 25:122-41. Examines continuities from Scotland to Ireland to Appalachia in the patterning of subject-verb concord with third-person-plural subjects.
Montgomery, Michael. 1999. “A Superlative Complex in Appalachian English.” SECOL Review 23:1-14. Examines distinctive ways in which superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs are formed in Appalachian speech, especially with nongradable adjectives such as present participles that are subject to variable interpretation.
Montgomery, Michael. 2004. “Solving Kurath’s Puzzle: Establishing the Antecedents of the American Midland Dialect Region.” The Legacy of Colonial English: The Study of Transported Dialects, ed. by Raymond Hickey, 410-25. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Argues that the linguistic geographer Hans Kurath was unable to outline a Midland speech region (encompassing Appalachia) with confidence using evidence from his Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada project because his survey sought few grammatical items.
Montgomery, Michael. 2006. “‘Hit’ll Kill You or Cure You, One’: The History and Function of Alternative one.” Language Variation and Change in the American Midland, ed. by Thomas E. Murray and Beth Lee Simon. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Analyzes the use of the pronoun placed after a pair of alternative words or phrases and explores three hypotheses for its derivation.
Montgomery, Michael. 2006. “Language.” Encyclopedia of Appalachia, ed. by Rudy Abramson and Jean Haskell, 999-1005. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Overview essay for encyclopedia section dealing with wide range of language topics in Appalachia, broadly defined.
Montgomery, Michael. 2006. “Notes on the Development of Existential they.” American Speech 81:132-45. Argues that the form is inherited from Scotland and was brought by Scotch-Irish settlers to Appalachia and that it is not a derivation of existential there.
Montgomery, Michael. 2009. “Historical and Comparative Perspectives on a-Prefixing in the English of Appalachia.” American Speech 84:5-26.
Montgomery, Michael. 2011. “The Historical Background and Nature of the Englishes of Appalachia.”A version of this paper was published in Talking Appalachian: Voice, Identity and Community, edited by Amy D. Clark and Nancy M. Hayward, 25-53. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2013.
Montgomery, Michael. 2014. “Hain’t We Got a Right to use Ain’t and Auxiliary Contraction?: Toward a History of Negation Variants in Appalachian English." Southern Journal of Linguistics 38: 31-64.
Montgomery, Michael, and Curtis Chapman. 1992. “The Pace of Change in Appalachian English.” History of Englishes, ed. by Matti Rissanen, et al., 624-39. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Examines variation in grammatical features (form of the existential, subject-verb concord, form of the relativizer) in existential clauses across three generations in the Smoky Mountains.
Reed, Paul E. 2014. "Inter- and intra- generational /ai/ monophthongization and Southern Appalachian identity". Southern Journal of Linguistics 38: 159-194.
Wolfman, Walt. 2010. "African American Speech in Southern Appalachia." A version of this paper was published in Talking Appalachian: Voice, Identity, and Community, edited by Amy D. Clark and Nancy M. Hayward. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2013.