|
LAGS |
557 |
I thought you might have would have helped me.
|
might have |
would |
|
Female |
Black |
48 |
8th grade (Some) |
GA (Clayton County) |
GA (Lovejoy) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1733 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
60 |
Until age 20 |
NC (Turkey) |
NC (Turkey) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
71 |
Could I might see an example of that on the board? |
could |
might |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Graduate school (Some) |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
student to professor (female) |
Spoken |
2.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1988 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
A few months |
FL (Fernandina) |
FL (Fernandina) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
399 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
68 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
GA (Rhine) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Skipper |
165 |
You might should check further. |
might |
should |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College (Some) |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
733 |
Well, I may can catch it [=a bus]. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
15 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Selma) |
early 1970s |
acquaintance |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
493 |
I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
39 |
12th grade |
LA (Zachary) |
LA (Zachary) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1341 |
They might would pull out. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
Unknown |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1979 |
woman to group |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2100 |
I might shouldn't oughta. |
might |
shouldn't |
ought to |
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1671 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
Very little |
VA (Shooting Creek) |
VA (Shooting Creek) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
335 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
34 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
FL (Cedar Key) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
589 |
I might would say.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
Black |
26 |
High school and technical college |
AL (Eufala) |
AL (Eufala) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1481 |
We may can make it, if we hurry. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
Black |
20s |
College (Some) |
Unknown |
SC (Columbia) |
2010 |
stranger |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
2038 |
They might would know that one better. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
30 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Crossville) |
TN (Crossville) |
2013 |
woman to family |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
197 |
Do you have any time this afternoon that I might could talk with you? |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
College (Graduate) |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2260 |
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
10 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
AL |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
1278 |
We should oughta not do that. |
should |
ought to not |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
Unknown |
TX (Dickenson) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
765 |
If she had seen ’em, she might could have said who they are.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
525 |
Someone that might could tell him. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
37 |
High school |
TN (Stewart) |
TN (Stewart) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
39 |
I might would send it in if they would just give me til Monday. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Graduate school (Some) |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to male |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
842 |
That would be nice. Even we might could use it for OAASIS [=a grant project].
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
Unknown |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
supervisor to subordinates |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1703 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
41 |
High school |
NC (Manteo) |
NC (Manteo) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAMSAS |
1798 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
86 |
A few years |
NC (Boonville) |
NC (Boonville) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Mishoe |
126 |
Does anyone have some paper I might could borrow? |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Graduate school (Some) |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
student to class |
Spoken |
2.6 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
1463 |
Do you think we might should tell him ourselves? |
might |
should |
|
Female |
White |
85 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Sneedville) |
TN (Sneedville) |
2010 |
interviewee to interviewer |
Spoken |
2.4 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1553 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
68 |
Until age 17 |
MD (Deal Island) |
MD (Deal Island) |
1939 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
464 |
Might could help.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
20 |
College (Junior at time of interview) |
TX (Edinburg) |
TX (Edinburg) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
230 |
You might could find that next door. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
798 |
I useta could imitate anybody ’n anything that come up, I could imitate ’em.
|
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
8th grade |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
1972 |
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
72 |
What I need is money and time. Then I might could go. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Graduate school (Some) |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
student to group |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1989 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
69 |
8th grade |
FL (Mandarin) |
FL (Mandarin) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
326 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
45 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
GA (Savannah) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
654 |
Used to could rattle those things off.
|
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
31 |
High school and beautician training |
FL (Port Orange) |
FL (Port Orange) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
2006 |
I'll tell you what you might can do. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
40 |
College (Some) |
Unknown |
SC (Columbia) |
1994 |
Acquaintance to acquaintance. |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1830 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
71 |
Private tutor |
SC (Kingstree) |
SC (Kingstree) |
1946 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2229 |
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
GA |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
8 |
If you go sign up right now, you might can still get in the class.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
student to student |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1925 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
58 |
Governess and 1 year boarding school |
GA (Valona) |
GA (Valona) |
1947 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
DiPaolo |
1342 |
Would you might wanna wait till the eight o'clock flight, when it's cheaper? |
would |
might |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Dallas) |
TX (Austin) |
1980 |
sister to sister |
Spoken |
2.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2094 |
In the past, an ocean voyage might could be very dangerous. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
32 |
College Student |
TX (Matagorda City) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
COCA |
1051 |
For CBS. She might could do " Nightline. " |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
TX (Abilene) |
Television |
2005 |
panelist to host |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1766 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
58 |
Until age 16 |
NC (Bunn) |
NC (Bunn) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
670 |
Used to could.
|
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
77 |
3 months per year until age 17 |
AR (Pee Dee) |
AR (Pee Dee) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
432 |
You might could get a book.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
77 |
5th grade |
GA (Columbus) |
GA (Eelbeck) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
2039 |
We might ought to get that and give it to [personal name]. |
might |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Farragut) |
TN (Seymour) |
2012 |
woman to family |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1609 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
107 |
No education |
VA (Messick) |
VA (Messick) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2261 |
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
50 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
VA |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
1279 |
I shouldn’t oughta do that. |
shouldn't |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
21 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
Feagin |
766 |
If I could talk to one of the men, I might could tell you how much you’ve got |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
34 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
526 |
Might could tell you.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
89 |
High school (Graduate) |
TN (Paris) |
TN (Paris) |
1974 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1372 |
I don't know if I can, but I might can get more rosebud centers. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1979 |
woman to woman |
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
843 |
We may could look at it a different way. |
may |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
Unknown |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
supervisor to subordinates |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
369 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
71 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
LA (Pineville) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
125 |
We might will have some time to eat something before we have to go. |
might |
will |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
daughter to mother |
Spoken |
1.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
703 |
He used to wouldn't.
|
used to |
wouldn't |
|
Female |
Black |
65 |
8th grade |
TN (Covington) |
TN (Covington) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
465 |
Might could help me.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
19 |
College (Student at time of interview) |
MS (Hattiesburg) |
MS (Hattiesburg) |
1978 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
2064 |
Now, I might could wear that. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
67 |
College (Bachelor's degree) |
TN (Crossville) |
TN (Crossville) |
2013 |
mother to son |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1641 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
67 |
VA (Until age) |
VA (Throck) |
VA (Throck) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Montgomery |
231 |
They might could have some over there. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
799 |
My husband useta could play one of those things. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
61 |
8th grade |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
1972 |
Unknown |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
559 |
You might would.
|
might |
would |
|
Female |
Black |
44 |
High school equivalent |
AL (Dothan) |
AL (Dothan) |
1976 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
73 |
If it wouldn't be any trouble, could you might pick me up and give me a ride? |
could |
might |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Graduate school (Some) |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to female |
Spoken |
2.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1406 |
Well, he could might do it. |
could |
might |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Graduate |
TX (Tyler) |
TX (Austin) |
|
teacher to student |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
327 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
84 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
GA (Surrency) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
401 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
77 |
6th grade |
FL (Mason City) |
FL (Mason City) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
2007 |
I'll tell you someone who might could help you. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
College (Some) |
TN (Jefferson County) |
TN (Knoxville) |
1994 |
Friend |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
735 |
If they’re not too busy, I might can. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
|
early 1970s |
acquaintance |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
DiPaolo |
1343 |
That room has two beds. Now I don't know that they might would let you use that little refrigerator, but you have to check with them. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TX (Austin) |
1979 |
woman to woman |
Spoken |
1.8 |
Naturalistic |
|
Boertien |
2095 |
That I might could have done that yesterday surprised me. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30 |
College Student |
TX (Beaumont) |
TX (Unknown) |
c1980 |
|
|
1.0 |
Elicited |
|
LAMSAS |
1673 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
79 |
Reads little; can't write |
VA (Floyd P.O.) |
VA (Floyd P.O.) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
263 |
I might can do it.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
71 |
8th grade |
GA (Screven Co.) |
GA (Hiltonia) |
1970 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
337 |
Might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
65 |
Unknown |
Unknown |
TN (Forbus) |
|
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
2040 |
If that comes in a can, I might could do it. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
College (Graduate) |
TN (Farragut) |
TN (Seymour) |
2012 |
woman to family |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1610 |
mought could |
mought |
could |
|
Female |
White |
107 |
No education |
VA (Messick) |
Messick VA |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Montgomery |
199 |
Do you think I might should just come up with another one? |
might |
should |
|
Female |
White |
40s |
Graduate school (Some) |
NC (Unknown) |
SC (Unknown) |
|
Unknown |
Spoken |
2.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1864 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
70 |
Sunday school |
SC (Hartsville) |
SC (Hartsville) |
1937 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2262 |
|
may |
could |
|
Female |
White |
80 to... |
Unknown |
Unknown |
FL |
|
Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
767 |
And you might could tell her you hadn’t been gettin’ one. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
26 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
early 1970s |
|
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
527 |
You might could tell.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
23 |
6th grade |
TN (Rankin) |
TN (Rankin) |
1972 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
41 |
When I came in, I thought I might woulda had some kind of chance, but I was wrong. |
might |
would |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
woman to unknown |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
844 |
We might could do a cognitive lab at the end. |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
Unknown |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
supervisor to subordinates |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1705 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
39 |
Until age 17 |
NC (Tiny Oak) |
NC (Tiny Oak) |
1936 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
LAGS |
295 |
Might can.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
72 |
5th grade |
AR (Dudley Lake) |
AR (Dudley Lake) |
1977 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Elsman |
845 |
I might oughta do that, shouldn't I? |
might |
ought to |
|
Female |
White |
|
Graduate school (Master's degree) |
NC (Unknown) |
SC (Columbia) |
2007 |
co-worker to co-worker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
296 |
Might can.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
Black |
42 |
High school (Graduate) |
TX (Dallas) |
TX (Dallas) |
1975 |
Unknown |
Spoken |
unknown |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
124 |
Could you might move that lamp so I can dust under it? |
could |
might |
|
Female |
White |
60s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
mother to daughter |
Spoken |
2.3 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
466 |
You might could help out.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
71 |
10th grade |
FL (Rockmart) |
FL (Rockmart) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Reed |
2065 |
We may can park closer. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
67 |
College (Bachelor's degree) |
TN (Crossville) |
TN (Crossville) |
2013 |
mother to son |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1642 |
may can |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
67 |
Until age 12 |
VA (Throck) |
VA (Throck) |
1934 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Montgomery |
232 |
Are you making a listing of this book? You know you might can just make a listing. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
60s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC (Unknown) |
|
unknown |
Spoken |
1.4 |
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
800 |
I could, useta could make the icin’, but I can’t stand up. |
used to |
could |
|
Female |
White |
78 |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
AL (Unknown) |
1972 |
|
Spoken |
1.1 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
74 |
If all goes well, which it probably won't, I'm thinking I may can get it done by May. |
may |
can |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Graduate school (Some) |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
female to female |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
402 |
I might could do it.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
81 |
4th grade |
FL (Sopchoppy) |
FL (Sopchoppy) |
1973 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Montgomery |
2008 |
If she can't give you the name, she might can tell you where to look. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
55 |
College (Some) |
TN (Jefferson County) |
TN (Knoxville) |
1994 |
Friend |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAMSAS |
1585 |
might could |
might |
could |
|
Female |
White |
71 |
Private tutor |
VA (Aquia Church) |
VA (Aquia Church) |
1935 |
fieldworker to informant |
Spoken |
|
|
|
Verilogue Corpus |
2231 |
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
|
|
Graduate Degree (MD) |
Unknown |
GA |
|
Doctor-Patient |
Spoken |
|
Naturalistic |
|
Feagin |
736 |
They might can get more time. |
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
30s |
Unknown |
AL (Unknown) |
|
early 1970s |
acquaintance |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
LAGS |
496 |
I might could.
|
might |
could |
|
Female |
Black |
38 |
College (1 year and some business college) |
LA (Monroe) |
LA (Monroe) |
1975 |
subject to fieldworker |
Spoken |
1.0 |
Naturalistic |
|
Mishoe |
10 |
There were about four left in the bookstore. If you hurry you might can get one.
|
might |
can |
|
Female |
White |
20s |
Unknown |
Unknown |
SC/ NC (Unknown) |
c1990 |
student to student |
Spoken |
1.2 |
Naturalistic |